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Integrate a negative power of an inverse function of c + d x^2 in sine and cosine integrals (#1906)
* Integrate a power of an inverse function of c + d x^2 by its recurrence
For u the inverse sine or cosine of w = c + d x^2 with c^2 = 1, its hyperbolic cosine with
c^2 = 1, or its hyperbolic sine with c^2 = -1, integral (a + b u)^n is
x (a + b u)^n + 2 e n b H (a + b u)^(n - 1) - 4 e b^2 n (n - 1) integral (a + b u)^(n - 2), with
H = 1/(d x u'(w)), and it closes at the first two powers. Rubi's 5.1.5, 5.2.5 and 7.2.5
(a + b acos(1 + d x^2))^4 and the like were declined.
Part of #718
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_012sonx8iAspMiwRwokT1Ura
* Integrate a negative power of an inverse function of c + d x^2 in sine and cosine integrals
w - c is a constant times g(u/2 + beta)^2 for a sine or a cosine g, so x/g is constant on each
side of 0 and dx = (x/g)(g'/2) du. The powers -1 and -2 are then sine and cosine integrals of
(a + b u)/(2 b), hyperbolic ones for the inverse hyperbolic cosine, and the recurrence run
backwards gives the rest. Rubi's 5.1.5, 5.2.5 and 7.2.5 1/(a + b acos(1 + d x^2)) and the like,
to the first three negative powers, were declined.
Part of #718
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_012sonx8iAspMiwRwokT1Ura
* Record the negative powers in the breaking changes
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_012sonx8iAspMiwRwokT1Ura
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Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 5.5 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>1 parent 2d17cd1 commit 90c9d3e
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