From 86ee46cd2fb5a54a34d54396da7ddb66aa90570b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Kevin Sheppard <bashtage@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 5 Nov 2026 07:01:36 +0000
Subject: [PATCH] BLD: Build a single wheel in each Linux job

Each ubuntu-latest job built three wheels for its Python version in a
row: manylinux x86_64, manylinux aarch64 under QEMU emulation and
musllinux x86_64. One job status covered all three wheels, and the
Linux jobs of the run of 5 November took 35 to 66 minutes, against at
most 24 minutes for all other jobs.

- Build manylinux aarch64 natively on the ubuntu-24.04-arm runner and set
  CIBW_ARCHS_LINUX to native, so no wheel is built under emulation. The
  QEMU setup step is removed.
- Add a variant dimension to the matrix. The musllinux variant of
  ubuntu-latest builds only the musllinux x86_64 wheel and all other jobs
  skip musllinux wheels, as before for aarch64.

The set of wheels is unchanged. Tests are still skipped for aarch64.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 .github/workflows/build-wheels.yml | 38 ++++++++++++++++++++----------
 1 file changed, 26 insertions(+), 12 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.github/workflows/build-wheels.yml b/.github/workflows/build-wheels.yml
index bd250ea..1a89ac1 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/build-wheels.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/build-wheels.yml
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ on:
 
 jobs:
   build_wheels:
-    name: ${{ matrix.os }}, ${{matrix.python_impl }} ${{ matrix.python }}
+    name: ${{ matrix.os }}, ${{matrix.python_impl }} ${{ matrix.python }}${{ matrix.variant == 'musllinux' && ', musllinux' || '' }}
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
     defaults:
       run:
@@ -18,9 +18,14 @@ jobs:
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
-        os: [ubuntu-latest, windows-latest, macos-latest, macos-15-intel, windows-11-arm]
+        # Every job builds a single wheel. Linux x86_64 has two wheels for each
+        # Python (manylinux and musllinux), so it has two jobs; the musllinux
+        # job is the one with variant musllinux. Linux aarch64 is built natively
+        # on an ARM runner. See CIBW_SKIP and CIBW_ARCHS_LINUX below.
+        os: [ubuntu-latest, ubuntu-24.04-arm, windows-latest, macos-latest, macos-15-intel, windows-11-arm]
         python: [cp310, cp311, cp312, cp313, cp314, cp314t, cp315, cp315t]
         python_impl: [Python]
+        variant: [default, musllinux]
         include:
           - python: cp313
             os: ubuntu-latest
@@ -32,15 +37,30 @@ jobs:
             python: cp311
           - os: windows-11-arm
             python: cp312
+          # No musllinux wheels for aarch64 and no separate musllinux job
+          # outside of Linux x86_64
+          - os: ubuntu-24.04-arm
+            variant: musllinux
+          - os: windows-latest
+            variant: musllinux
+          - os: macos-latest
+            variant: musllinux
+          - os: macos-15-intel
+            variant: musllinux
+          - os: windows-11-arm
+            variant: musllinux
     env:
       BUILD_COMMIT: "main"  # or a specific version, e.g., v0.13.1
       CIBW_BUILD: ${{ matrix.python }}-*
       CIBW_ENABLE: cpython-prerelease
-      CIBW_ARCHS_LINUX: "x86_64 aarch64"
+      # Build only for the architecture of the runner, so each job builds a
+      # single wheel and nothing runs under emulation
+      CIBW_ARCHS_LINUX: native
       CIBW_ARCHS_MACOS: native
-      # No support for musl or Win32 for 3.10+
-      # Skip musl for 3.8 and 3.9 since no upstream wheels
-      CIBW_SKIP: "*-win32 *musllinux_aarch64*"
+      # No support for Win32 for 3.10+
+      # The musllinux variant builds only musllinux wheels, all other jobs
+      # build no musllinux wheel (so there is no musllinux aarch64 wheel)
+      CIBW_SKIP: "*-win32 ${{ matrix.variant == 'musllinux' && '*manylinux*' || '*musllinux*' }}"
       CIBW_TEST_REQUIRES: pytest pytest-xdist pytest-randomly threadpoolctl pytest-run-parallel pandas<3.1
       CIBW_TEST_COMMAND: python -c "import numpy; numpy.show_runtime(); import statsmodels; statsmodels.test(['-m','(not slow and not example)','-n','2','--randomly-dont-reset-seed'], exit=True)"
       # Avoid testing on emulated architectures and Pyodide
@@ -59,12 +79,6 @@ jobs:
           submodules: recursive
           fetch-depth: 0
 
-      - name: Set up QEMU
-        if: runner.os == 'Linux'
-        uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v4
-        with:
-          platforms: all
-
       - name: Build wheels (Default)
         uses: pypa/cibuildwheel@v4.3
         if: (matrix.python_impl != 'Pyodide')