main.py

"""
General Knowledge Quiz - Python CLI Application
DecodeLabs Python Programming Internship - Project 4

A menu-driven console quiz game built using Core Python only.
No external libraries, GUI frameworks, databases, or classes are used.
"""

import random

# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Question Bank
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Each question is a dictionary with a category, the question text, and the
# correct answer. At least 10 questions are provided, covering Geography,
# Science, Technology, History, and General Awareness. Five questions are
# randomly selected from this pool for every quiz session.

QUESTIONS = [
    {
        "category": "Geography",
        "question": "Which is the largest continent by land area?",
        "answer": "Asia",
    },
    {
        "category": "Geography",
        "question": "Which river is known as the longest river in the world?",
        "answer": "Nile",
    },
    {
        "category": "Geography",
        "question": "What is the capital city of Australia?",
        "answer": "Canberra",
    },
    {
        "category": "Science",
        "question": "What is the chemical symbol for water?",
        "answer": "H2O",
    },
    {
        "category": "Science",
        "question": "Which planet is known as the Red Planet?",
        "answer": "Mars",
    },
    {
        "category": "Science",
        "question": (
            "What gas do plants absorb from the atmosphere for "
            "photosynthesis?"
        ),
        "answer": "Carbon Dioxide",
    },
    {
        "category": "Technology",
        "question": "What does 'CPU' stand for?",
        "answer": "Central Processing Unit",
    },
    {
        "category": "Technology",
        "question": "Which programming language is named after a snake?",
        "answer": "Python",
    },
    {
        "category": "Technology",
        "question": "What does 'HTML' stand for?",
        "answer": "Hypertext Markup Language",
    },
    {
        "category": "History",
        "question": "In which year did India gain independence?",
        "answer": "1947",
    },
    {
        "category": "History",
        "question": "Who was the first President of the United States?",
        "answer": "George Washington",
    },
    {
        "category": "History",
        "question": "Which ancient civilization built the pyramids of Giza?",
        "answer": "Egyptians",
    },
    {
        "category": "General Awareness",
        "question": "How many continents are there on Earth?",
        "answer": "7",
    },
    {
        "category": "General Awareness",
        "question": "What is the national sport of Japan?",
        "answer": "Sumo Wrestling",
    },
    {
        "category": "General Awareness",
        "question": (
            "Which organization is the world's largest international "
            "body for peace and security?"
        ),
        "answer": "United Nations",
    },
]

QUESTIONS_PER_QUIZ = 5
MENU_CHOICES = ("1", "2", "3", "4", "5")


# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Display Functions
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

def display_menu():
    """Display the main menu options to the user."""
    print("\n" + "=" * 45)
    print("       PYTHON GENERAL KNOWLEDGE QUIZ")
    print("=" * 45)
    print("1. Start Quiz")
    print("2. View Quiz Rules")
    print("3. View Score Summary")
    print("4. Play Again")
    print("5. Exit")
    print("=" * 45)


def display_rules():
    """Display the rules of the quiz."""
    print("\n--- QUIZ RULES ---")
    print("1. Each quiz session contains 5 randomly selected questions.")
    print("2. Questions cover Geography, Science, Technology, History,")
    print("   and General Awareness.")
    print("3. Answers are not case-sensitive (e.g. 'mars' = 'Mars').")
    print("4. Extra spaces before or after your answer are ignored.")
    print("5. Empty answers are not accepted; you will be asked again.")
    print("6. Your score is displayed after each question and at the end.")
    print("-------------------")


def display_score_summary(history):
    """Display a summary of all quiz sessions played so far.

    Args:
        history: A list of (score, total) tuples, one for each completed
            quiz session.
    """
    print("\n--- SCORE SUMMARY ---")
    if not history:
        print("No quiz has been played yet. Choose 'Start Quiz' first.")
        print("---------------------")
        return

    total_score = 0
    total_questions = 0
    for session_number, (score, total) in enumerate(history, start=1):
        percentage = (score / total) * 100 if total else 0
        print(f"Session {session_number}: {score}/{total} "
              f"({percentage:.1f}%)")
        total_score += score
        total_questions += total

    overall_percentage = (
        (total_score / total_questions) * 100 if total_questions else 0
    )
    print("-" * 21)
    print(f"Sessions Played : {len(history)}")
    print(f"Overall Score   : {total_score}/{total_questions} "
          f"({overall_percentage:.1f}%)")
    print("---------------------")


# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Core Quiz Logic
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

def get_user_answer():
    """Prompt the user for an answer, rejecting empty input.

    Returns:
        The user's answer, stripped of surrounding whitespace and
        lower-cased for comparison.
    """
    while True:
        raw_answer = input("Your answer: ").strip()
        if raw_answer == "":
            print("Answer cannot be empty. Please enter your answer.")
            continue
        return raw_answer.lower()


def ask_question(question_data, question_number, total_questions):
    """Ask a single question and check whether the user's answer is correct.

    Args:
        question_data: Dictionary containing 'category', 'question',
            and 'answer'.
        question_number: The current question index (1-based).
        total_questions: Total number of questions in this quiz session.

    Returns:
        True if the user answered correctly, False otherwise.
    """
    print(f"\nQuestion {question_number} of {total_questions} "
          f"[{question_data['category']}]")
    print(question_data["question"])

    user_answer = get_user_answer()
    correct_answer = question_data["answer"].strip().lower()

    if user_answer == correct_answer:
        print("Correct!")
        return True

    print(f"Incorrect. The correct answer is: {question_data['answer']}")
    return False


def start_quiz(question_pool):
    """Run a full quiz session of randomly selected questions.

    Args:
        question_pool: The full list of available questions.

    Returns:
        A (score, total) tuple summarizing the session.
    """
    sample_size = min(QUESTIONS_PER_QUIZ, len(question_pool))
    selected_questions = random.sample(question_pool, sample_size)

    print("\nStarting a new quiz. Good luck!")
    score = 0
    total = len(selected_questions)

    for index, question_data in enumerate(selected_questions, start=1):
        if ask_question(question_data, index, total):
            score += 1

    print(f"\nQuiz complete! Your final score: {score}/{total}")
    return score, total


# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Main Program Loop
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

def main():
    """Run the main menu loop until the user exits the program."""
    history = []

    while True:
        try:
            display_menu()
            choice = input("Enter your choice (1-5): ").strip()

            if choice not in MENU_CHOICES:
                print("Invalid choice. Please enter a number between 1 "
                      "and 5.")
                continue

            if choice in ("1", "4"):
                score, total = start_quiz(QUESTIONS)
                history.append((score, total))
            elif choice == "2":
                display_rules()
            elif choice == "3":
                display_score_summary(history)
            elif choice == "5":
                print("Thank you for playing. Goodbye!")
                break

        except (KeyboardInterrupt, EOFError):
            print("\n\nQuiz interrupted. Exiting gracefully. Goodbye!")
            break


if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()