Domain: Water
Data source: City of Cape Town Weekly Water Dashboard
Dam as Entity
Each dam is modeled as an Entity. Here, we have each dam associated with a water volume reading, read by the dam's water meters. We can either model the dam water meters granularly, or the dam overall and its associated total capacity. The data source reports the volume of water stored in millions of liters, so we use that as the measurement.
{
"@context": {
"resco": "https://example.org/resco#",
"schema": "http://schema.org/"
},
"@id": "resco:Entity/theewaterskloof-dam-004",
"@type": "resco:Entity",
"resco:entityType": "Dam",
"resco:hasMeasurement": {
"@id": "resco:Measurement/theewaterskloof-dam-004",
"@type": "resco:Measurement",
"resco:measurementLabel": "Water Volume (liters)",
"resco:measurementValue": 480188000000.0,
"resco:measurementUnit": "liters",
"resco:measurementTimestamp": "2025-09-22T05:30:00Z"
}
}Dam Condition
We can model the dam's condition to monitor infrastructure and schedule maintenance across the water supply system.
{
"@id": "resco:Condition/theewaterskloof-dam-004-status",
"@type": "resco:Condition",
"resco:conditionTag": "Water Infrastructure",
"resco:conditionLabel": "Dam operational status",
"resco:conditionValue": "Operational",
"resco:conditionOptions": ["Operational", "Under Maintenance"],
"resco:appliesTo": "Entity/theewaterskloof-dam-004"
}Dam Storage with Quantitative Indicators
If we have a Measurement for the dam's total capacity (i.e. the total volume the dam can hold) as compared to its current level, we can generate an Indicator of the dam's current % storage.
{
"@id": "resco:Indicator/theewaterskloof-dam-004-storage",
"@type": "resco:Indicator",
"resco:indicatorType": "% Storage",
"resco:indicatorValue": 86.1,
"resco:indicatorUnit": "%",
"resco:indicatesCondition": "resco:Condition/cape_town_water_resource_status"
}With water storage readings across each dam in the water supply system, we can report on the % gross water storage across the city.
{
"@id": "resco:Indicator/cape_town_gross_water_storage",
"@type": "resco:Indicator",
"resco:indicatorType": "% Gross Water Storage",
"resco:indicatorValue": 92.3,
"resco:indicatorUnit": "%",
"resco:basedOnMeasurement": [
"resco:Indicator/theewaterskloof-dam-004-storage",
"resco:Indicator/berg-river-dam-001-storage",
"resco:Indicator/steenbras-lower-dam-002-storage",
"resco:Indicator/steenbras-upper-dam-003-storage",
"resco:Indicator/voëlvei-dam-005-storage",
"resco:Indicator/alexandra-dam-007-storage",
"resco:Indicator/de-villiers-dam-008-storage",
"resco:Indicator/hely-hutchinson-dam-009-storage",
"resco:Indicator/kleinplaats-dam-010-storage",
"resco:Indicator/land-en-zeezicht-dam-011-storage",
"resco:Indicator/lewis-gay-dam-012-storage",
"resco:Indicator/victoria-dam-013-storage",
"resco:Indicator/woodhead-dam-014-storage"
],
"resco:indicatesCondition": "resco:Condition/cape_town_water_resource_status"
}Conditions informing City Response
With % gross water storage across the water supply system, we can track the water resource status as a Condition, using the condition to inform city-wide decision-making on the water supply.
{
"@id": "resco:Condition/cape_town_water_resource_status",
"@type": "resco:Condition",
"resco:conditionLabel": "Cape Town Water Resource Status",
"resco:conditionValue": "Wise Water Use",
"resco:conditionOptions": [
"Wise Water Use",
"Early Drought Caution",
"Drought Response",
"Accelerated Drought Response",
"Emergency Drought Response"
],
"resco:conditionTag": "Water Resource Status",
"resco:appliesTo": "resco:Entity/western-cape-water-supply-system",
"resco:derivedFrom": "resco:Indicator/cape-town-gross-water-storage"
}Water Quality Tests as Events
We model each water quality as an Event. Each test involves a Measurement(s) depending on the tests required.
{
"@id": "resco:Event/water-quality-test-001001001",
"@type": "resco:Event",
"resco:eventType": "waterQualityTest",
"resco:eventTime": "2025-07-222T05:30:00Z",
"resco:generatedBy": "resco:Entity/water-quality-sensor-001",
"resco:involvedEntity": ["resco:Entity/berg-river-dam-001"],
"resco:hasMeasurement": [
"resco:Measurement/water-quality-sensor-001-temperature-reading",
"resco:Measurement/water-quality-sensor-001-ph-reading",
"resco:Measurement/water-quality-sensor-001-dissolved-oxygen-reading",
"resco:Measurement/water-quality-sensor-001-free-chlorine-reading",
"resco:Measurement/water-quality-sensor-001-turbidity-reading",
"resco:Measurement/water-quality-sensor-001-conductivity-reading",
"resco:Measurement/water-quality-sensor-001-nitrogen-reading",
"resco:Measurement/water-quality-sensor-001-phosphorus-reading"
]
}Qualitative Indicator with Water Quality Results
We use an Indicator to aggregate the results of the tests involved, based on sensor reading Measurements across a dam in the water supply system. Measurements can also be used to model lab results. The aggregate of the readings determines whether the water quality test at this dam (Berg River) is passed.
{
"@id": "resco:Indicator/water-quality-results-dam-001",
"@type": "resco:Indicator",
"resco:indicatorLabel": "Berg River Water Quality Results",
"resco:indicatorValue": "Passed",
"resco:indicatorUnit": "",
"resco:indicatesCondition": "Water Quality Status",
"resco:basedOnMeasurement": [
"resco:Measurement/water-quality-sensor-001-temperature-reading",
"resco:Measurement/water-quality-sensor-001-ph-reading",
"resco:Measurement/water-quality-sensor-001-dissolved-oxygen-reading",
"resco:Measurement/water-quality-sensor-001-free-chlorine-reading",
"resco:Measurement/water-quality-sensor-001-turbidity-reading",
"resco:Measurement/water-quality-sensor-001-conductivity-reading",
"resco:Measurement/water-quality-sensor-001-nitrogen-reading",
"resco:Measurement/water-quality-sensor-001-phosphorus-reading"
]
}Water Quality Compliance Indicator based on pass/fail rates
With the aggregated water quality test results from all the dams, we report on the % pass rate, which informs the water supply system's compliance results.
{
"@id": "resco:Indicator/water-quality-compliance",
"@type": "resco:Indicator",
"resco:indicatorLabel": "Western Cape Water Supply System Water Quality Compliance",
"resco:indicatorValue": "99.69",
"resco:indicatorUnit": "%",
"resco:indicatesCondition": "Water Quality Status",
"resco:basedOnMeasurement": [
"resco:Indicator/water-quality-results-dam-001",
"resco:Indicator/water-quality-results-dam-002",
"resco:Indicator/water-quality-results-dam-003",
"resco:Indicator/water-quality-results-dam-004",
"resco:Indicator/water-quality-results-dam-005",
"resco:Indicator/water-quality-results-dam-006",
"resco:Indicator/water-quality-results-dam-007",
"resco:Indicator/water-quality-results-dam-008",
"resco:Indicator/water-quality-results-dam-009",
"resco:Indicator/water-quality-results-dam-010",
"resco:Indicator/water-quality-results-dam-011",
"resco:Indicator/water-quality-results-dam-012",
"resco:Indicator/water-quality-results-dam-013",
"resco:Indicator/water-quality-results-dam-014"
]
}Water Quality Status
With the water quality compliance results, we indicate a Condition of whether the water in the water supply system is safe for drinking or not. We can also show that final results are still pending when readings are still being completed across dams.
{
"@id": "resco:Condition/water-quality-status",
"@type": "resco:Condition",
"resco:conditionTag": "Water Quality",
"resco:conditionLabel": "Water quality status results",
"resco:conditionValue": "Safe",
"resco:conditionOptions": ["Safe", "Unsafe", "Results Pending"],
"resco:appliesTo": "Indicator/water-quality-test-results"
}Domain: Public Works, City Public Services (Water, Sanitation, Energy, Infrastructure)
Data source: City of Cape Town Service Requests Dataset
Organization or Department as Entity
Each organization or department that responds to city service requests across Cape Town is modeled an Entity. Each department or organization corresponds to the work center that the request is routed to for their staff to respond to the service request. Here, we model the organization in charge of water systems, Killarney Water, as an Entity.
{
"@context": {
"resco": "https://github.com/Vibranium-Data/RESCO",
"schema": "http://schema.org/"
},
"@id": "resco:Entity/killarney-water",
"@type": "resco:Entity",
"resco:entityType": "Organization",
"resco:entityName": "Depot Dispatch Killarney Water",
"resco:entityTag": ["water systems", "Cape Town"]
}Service Requests as Events
We model each service request as an Event. We can model grid faults or other kinds of power disruptions as Events, indicating their type using the eventType property with each Event as needed. Beyond the standard Event properties, we can also add custom properties to RESCO that are beneficial to operators, reporting teams or responders as needed.
{
"@id": "resco:Event/service-request-1022678316",
"@type": "resco:Event",
"resco:eventId": "sr-1022678316",
"resco:eventType": "WAT: Broken Leading",
"resco:eventTime": "2025-10-06T11:10:15Z",
"resco:involvedEntity": ["resco:Entity/killarney-water"],
"resco:entityLocation": { "lon": "33.8133", "lat": "18.5003" },
"resco:eventTag": ["Water", "Leading", "Unplanned"],
"resco:generatedByEvent": "resco:Entity/parklands"
}Service Statuses as Conditions
We can model the status of each service request as a Condition, indicating whether the stated service request is still pending, whether service is ongoing, or whether the service request has been completed and closed. We can then match each Condition to its associated Event or vice versa - have Conditions for each Event. Here, we show a mapping of the Condition to the Event in the previous service request for broken leading in the water system.
{
"@id": "resco:Condition/service-status",
"@type": "resco:Condition",
"resco:conditionLabel": "Service Request Status",
"resco:conditionValue": "Ccomplete",
"resco:conditionOptions": ["Pending", "Service Ongoing", "Completed"],
"resco:conditionTag": "Service Request Statuses",
"resco:appliesTo": "resco:Event/ervice-request-1022678316"
}