Support building against PostgreSQL 19

Note: A big thank you to Alexander Kukushkin <cyberdemn@gmail.com>
      who's work helped to make this possible.

Adapt AGE to PostgreSQL 19's C API changes so the extension compiles
cleanly (verified with COPT=-Werror) and passes the full regression
suite against 19beta1. Each prototype change was matched to how AGE
actually uses the function rather than blindly appending arguments.

Access-method scans: table_beginscan() and index_beginscan() gained a
trailing uint32 flags. Pass SO_NONE (no special scan options);
table_beginscan() still ORs in SO_TYPE_SEQSCAN internally, so behavior is
unchanged. Add access/genam.h to the files that use index_*/IndexScanDesc
(previously reached only transitively through now-leaner PG headers).

Tuple-slot init: MakeTupleTableSlot() and ExecInitScanTupleSlot() gained a
uint16 flags. Pass 0. AGE's DML executors are CustomScanState nodes whose
input tuples are synthesized agtype rows, so -- like PostgreSQL's own
nodeCustom.c and nodeSubqueryscan.c -- 0 is correct. The
TTS_FLAG_OBEYS_NOT_NULL_CONSTRAINTS hint that heap seq/index scans pass
would be unsound here since these tuples are not guaranteed to obey a base
relation's NOT NULL constraints.

DML tuple ops: heap_delete() added a uint32 options argument and dropped
the trailing changingPart bool; table_tuple_update() added a uint32 options
argument. Pass 0 in both (AGE used changingPart=false and no special
options, so 0 preserves behavior).

ExecInsertIndexTuples() was reworked to
(resultRelInfo, estate, uint32 flags, slot, arbiterIndexes, specConflict)
with flags EIIT_IS_UPDATE / EIIT_NO_DUPE_ERROR / EIIT_ONLY_SUMMARIZING. The
old booleans map to flags: plain inserts (cypher_utils) use 0; SET uses
EIIT_ONLY_SUMMARIZING when update_indexes == TU_Summarizing. Importantly,
the bulk loader (age_load) previously passed noDupErr=true so it could
detect the conflict list and raise its own error; this maps to
EIIT_NO_DUPE_ERROR (not 0), preserving AGE's "Cannot insert duplicate
vertex id" message instead of surfacing the raw unique-constraint violation.

CreateSchemaCommand() replaced its const char *queryString parameter with a
ParseState *. Build one with make_parsestate(), set p_sourcetext to the
generated command string, and free_parsestate() afterward (mirroring
standard_ProcessUtility). The argument count is unchanged, so this mismatch
only warns under default flags -- another reason the build uses -Werror.

Shared-memory/locks: LWLockNewTrancheId() now takes the tranche name
directly and LWLockRegisterTranche() was removed; GetNamedDSMSegment() and
its init callback gained a void *arg. Update the graph-version DSM setup
accordingly, passing NULL for the unused callback argument.

Miscellaneous: add includes exposed by leaner PG19 headers (catalog/pg_type.h
for TEXTOID/CHAROID, <time.h> for CLOCK_REALTIME, utils/tuplesort.h and
utils/tuplestore.h, access/htup_details.h for GETSTRUCT/heap_form_tuple);
PointerIsValid() was removed (use != NULL); VARDATA()/VARSIZE() now require a
pointer, so wrap the Datum in DatumGetPointer(); replace the fall-through
comment with the pg_fallthrough macro; and const-qualify JumbleState * in the
post_parse_analyze hook signature.

Regression output: the only differences under PG19 are cosmetic and are
reflected in the expected files. PostgreSQL 19 reworded undefined
function/operator errors -- the "HINT: No function/operator matches the given
name and argument types" line became "DETAIL: No function/operator of that
name accepts...", and for a wholly unknown operator "DETAIL: There is no
operator of that name."; the ERROR lines themselves are unchanged. This
accounts for the expr, cypher_call, jsonb_operators and subgraph updates.
Separately, a divergent-path query in cypher_match returned the same four
paths in a different, non-deterministic order under PG19; add ORDER BY p to
make it deterministic (matching the project's practice of ordering
non-deterministic RETURN queries). The returned row multiset is unchanged --
it is purely a reordering, not a data difference.

Co-authored-by: Copilot <copilot@github.com>
Co-authored-by: Alexander Kukushkin <cyberdemn@gmail.com>

modified:   regress/expected/cypher_call.out
modified:   regress/expected/cypher_match.out
modified:   regress/expected/expr.out
modified:   regress/expected/jsonb_operators.out
modified:   regress/expected/subgraph.out
modified:   regress/sql/cypher_match.sql
modified:   src/backend/catalog/ag_label.c
modified:   src/backend/commands/graph_commands.c
modified:   src/backend/executor/cypher_create.c
modified:   src/backend/executor/cypher_delete.c
modified:   src/backend/executor/cypher_merge.c
modified:   src/backend/executor/cypher_set.c
modified:   src/backend/executor/cypher_utils.c
modified:   src/backend/parser/cypher_analyze.c
modified:   src/backend/parser/cypher_expr.c
modified:   src/backend/parser/cypher_keywords.c
modified:   src/backend/utils/adt/age_global_graph.c
modified:   src/backend/utils/adt/age_vle.c
modified:   src/backend/utils/adt/agtype.c
modified:   src/backend/utils/adt/agtype_ops.c
modified:   src/backend/utils/adt/agtype_util.c
modified:   src/backend/utils/load/age_load.c
modified:   .github/workflows/installcheck.yaml

Resolved conflicts:  .github/workflows/installcheck.yaml

Author: jrgemignani

regress/expected/cypher_call.out

@@ -80,7 +80,6 @@ SELECT * FROM cypher('cypher_call', $$CALL ag_catalog.add_agtype(1,2)$$) as (sqr
 ERROR:  function ag_catalog.add_agtype(agtype, agtype) does not exist
 LINE 2: ...cypher('cypher_call', $$CALL ag_catalog.add_agtype(1,2)$$) a...
                                                              ^
-HINT:  No function matches the given name and argument types. You might need to add explicit type casts.
 /* CALL YIELD WHERE, should fail */
 SELECT * FROM cypher('cypher_call', $$CALL sqrt(64) YIELD sqrt WHERE sqrt > 1$$) as (sqrt agtype);
 ERROR:  Cannot use standalone CALL with WHERE
@@ -287,12 +286,11 @@ SELECT * FROM cypher('cypher_call', $$ CALL ag_catalog.myfunc() YIELD myfunc RET
 ERROR:  function ag_catalog.myfunc() does not exist
 LINE 1: ...T * FROM cypher('cypher_call', $$ CALL ag_catalog.myfunc() Y...
                                                              ^
-HINT:  No function matches the given name and argument types. You might need to add explicit type casts.
+DETAIL:  No function of that name accepts the given number of arguments.
 SELECT * FROM cypher('cypher_call', $$ CALL ag_catalog.myfunz(25) YIELD myfunc RETURN myfunc $$) as (result agtype);
 ERROR:  function ag_catalog.myfunz(agtype) does not exist
 LINE 1: ...OM cypher('cypher_call', $$ CALL ag_catalog.myfunz(25) YIELD...
                                                              ^
-HINT:  No function matches the given name and argument types. You might need to add explicit type casts.
 DROP FUNCTION myfunc;
 DROP SCHEMA call_stmt_test CASCADE;
 NOTICE:  drop cascades to function call_stmt_test.add_agtype(agtype,agtype)

regress/expected/cypher_match.out

@@ -333,13 +333,14 @@ SELECT * FROM cypher('cypher_match', $$
 	MATCH ()<-[]-(n:v2)-[]->()
 	MATCH p=(n)-[]->()
 	RETURN p
+	ORDER BY p
 $$) AS (i agtype);
                                                                                                                                                   i                                                                                                                                                   
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- [{"id": 1688849860263938, "label": "v2", "properties": {"id": "middle"}}::vertex, {"id": 1970324836974594, "label": "e2", "end_id": 1688849860263937, "start_id": 1688849860263938, "properties": {}}::edge, {"id": 1688849860263937, "label": "v2", "properties": {"id": "initial"}}::vertex]::path
  [{"id": 1688849860263938, "label": "v2", "properties": {"id": "middle"}}::vertex, {"id": 1970324836974593, "label": "e2", "end_id": 1688849860263939, "start_id": 1688849860263938, "properties": {}}::edge, {"id": 1688849860263939, "label": "v2", "properties": {"id": "end"}}::vertex]::path
- [{"id": 1688849860263938, "label": "v2", "properties": {"id": "middle"}}::vertex, {"id": 1970324836974594, "label": "e2", "end_id": 1688849860263937, "start_id": 1688849860263938, "properties": {}}::edge, {"id": 1688849860263937, "label": "v2", "properties": {"id": "initial"}}::vertex]::path
  [{"id": 1688849860263938, "label": "v2", "properties": {"id": "middle"}}::vertex, {"id": 1970324836974593, "label": "e2", "end_id": 1688849860263939, "start_id": 1688849860263938, "properties": {}}::edge, {"id": 1688849860263939, "label": "v2", "properties": {"id": "end"}}::vertex]::path
+ [{"id": 1688849860263938, "label": "v2", "properties": {"id": "middle"}}::vertex, {"id": 1970324836974594, "label": "e2", "end_id": 1688849860263937, "start_id": 1688849860263938, "properties": {}}::edge, {"id": 1688849860263937, "label": "v2", "properties": {"id": "initial"}}::vertex]::path
+ [{"id": 1688849860263938, "label": "v2", "properties": {"id": "middle"}}::vertex, {"id": 1970324836974594, "label": "e2", "end_id": 1688849860263937, "start_id": 1688849860263938, "properties": {}}::edge, {"id": 1688849860263937, "label": "v2", "properties": {"id": "initial"}}::vertex]::path
 (4 rows)
 
 SELECT * FROM cypher('cypher_match', $$
@@ -1494,14 +1495,14 @@ AS (u agtype);
 ERROR:  function ag_catalog.age_isempty(agtype, agtype, agtype) does not exist
 LINE 2:  $$MATCH (u:for_pred) WHERE isEmpty(1,2,3) RETURN properties...
                                            ^
-HINT:  No function matches the given name and argument types. You might need to add explicit type casts.
+DETAIL:  No function of that name accepts the given number of arguments.
 SELECT * FROM cypher('for_isEmpty',
  $$MATCH (u:for_pred) WHERE isEmpty() RETURN properties(u) $$)
 AS (u agtype);
 ERROR:  function ag_catalog.age_isempty() does not exist
 LINE 2:  $$MATCH (u:for_pred) WHERE isEmpty() RETURN properties(u) $...
                                     ^
-HINT:  No function matches the given name and argument types. You might need to add explicit type casts.
+DETAIL:  No function of that name accepts the given number of arguments.
 -- clean up
 SELECT drop_graph('for_isEmpty', true);
 NOTICE:  drop cascades to 3 other objects