diff --git a/iotdb-core/metrics/interface/src/main/java/org/apache/iotdb/metrics/metricsets/jvm/JvmThreadMetrics.java b/iotdb-core/metrics/interface/src/main/java/org/apache/iotdb/metrics/metricsets/jvm/JvmThreadMetrics.java
index cd8fcbd6cd0f5..5109d7f6f4308 100644
--- a/iotdb-core/metrics/interface/src/main/java/org/apache/iotdb/metrics/metricsets/jvm/JvmThreadMetrics.java
+++ b/iotdb-core/metrics/interface/src/main/java/org/apache/iotdb/metrics/metricsets/jvm/JvmThreadMetrics.java
@@ -104,7 +104,8 @@ public void unbindFrom(AbstractMetricService metricService) {
   }
 
   // VisibleForTesting
-  static long getThreadStateCount(ThreadMXBean threadBean, Thread.State state) {
+  static synchronized long getThreadStateCount(ThreadMXBean threadBean, Thread.State state) {
+    // Keep reads and refreshes under the same lock to avoid observing a partially rebuilt EnumMap.
     checkAndUpdate(threadBean);
     return threadStateCountMap.getOrDefault(state, 0);
   }
diff --git a/iotdb-core/metrics/interface/src/test/java/org/apache/iotdb/metrics/metricsets/jvm/JvmThreadMetricsTest.java b/iotdb-core/metrics/interface/src/test/java/org/apache/iotdb/metrics/metricsets/jvm/JvmThreadMetricsTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..4c7a4f9b42150
--- /dev/null
+++ b/iotdb-core/metrics/interface/src/test/java/org/apache/iotdb/metrics/metricsets/jvm/JvmThreadMetricsTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,143 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.iotdb.metrics.metricsets.jvm;
+
+import org.junit.After;
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import java.lang.management.ManagementFactory;
+import java.lang.management.ThreadInfo;
+import java.lang.management.ThreadMXBean;
+import java.lang.reflect.Field;
+import java.lang.reflect.Proxy;
+import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
+import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
+import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
+import java.util.concurrent.Future;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicReference;
+import java.util.concurrent.locks.LockSupport;
+import java.util.function.Supplier;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+
+public class JvmThreadMetricsTest {
+
+  @Before
+  @After
+  public void expireCache() throws Exception {
+    Field lastUpdateTime = JvmThreadMetrics.class.getDeclaredField("lastUpdateTime");
+    lastUpdateTime.setAccessible(true);
+    synchronized (JvmThreadMetrics.class) {
+      lastUpdateTime.setLong(null, 0L);
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Count two live threads, ignore a terminated thread's null info, and return zero for an absent
+  // state without resampling within the cache interval.
+  @Test
+  public void testThreadStateCountsAndMissingState() {
+    ThreadInfo info =
+        ManagementFactory.getThreadMXBean().getThreadInfo(Thread.currentThread().getId());
+    AtomicInteger samples = new AtomicInteger();
+    ThreadMXBean threadBean =
+        threadBean(
+            () -> {
+              samples.incrementAndGet();
+              return new ThreadInfo[] {info, info, null};
+            });
+
+    assertEquals(2L, JvmThreadMetrics.getThreadStateCount(threadBean, info.getThreadState()));
+    assertEquals(0L, JvmThreadMetrics.getThreadStateCount(threadBean, Thread.State.TERMINATED));
+    assertEquals(1, samples.get());
+  }
+
+  // Pause a refresh after clearing the cache, then read the same state concurrently. Both calls
+  // must return the complete sample rather than a temporarily absent entry.
+  @Test
+  public void testConcurrentReadDuringRefresh() throws Exception {
+    ThreadInfo info =
+        ManagementFactory.getThreadMXBean().getThreadInfo(Thread.currentThread().getId());
+    CountDownLatch refreshStarted = new CountDownLatch(1);
+    CountDownLatch resumeRefresh = new CountDownLatch(1);
+    CountDownLatch readStarted = new CountDownLatch(1);
+    AtomicReference<Thread> readerThread = new AtomicReference<>();
+    ThreadMXBean threadBean =
+        threadBean(
+            () -> {
+              refreshStarted.countDown();
+              try {
+                assertTrue(resumeRefresh.await(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS));
+              } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+                Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
+                throw new AssertionError(e);
+              }
+              return new ThreadInfo[] {info};
+            });
+    ExecutorService executor = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(2);
+    try {
+      Future<Long> refresh =
+          executor.submit(
+              () -> JvmThreadMetrics.getThreadStateCount(threadBean, info.getThreadState()));
+      assertTrue(refreshStarted.await(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS));
+      Future<Long> read =
+          executor.submit(
+              () -> {
+                readerThread.set(Thread.currentThread());
+                readStarted.countDown();
+                return JvmThreadMetrics.getThreadStateCount(threadBean, info.getThreadState());
+              });
+      assertTrue(readStarted.await(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS));
+
+      // Ensure the reader reaches the cache lookup before allowing the refresh to finish.
+      long deadline = System.nanoTime() + TimeUnit.SECONDS.toNanos(5);
+      while (!read.isDone()
+          && readerThread.get().getState() != Thread.State.BLOCKED
+          && System.nanoTime() < deadline) {
+        LockSupport.parkNanos(TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.toNanos(1));
+      }
+      assertTrue(read.isDone() || readerThread.get().getState() == Thread.State.BLOCKED);
+      resumeRefresh.countDown();
+
+      assertEquals(1L, refresh.get(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS).longValue());
+      assertEquals(1L, read.get(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS).longValue());
+    } finally {
+      resumeRefresh.countDown();
+      executor.shutdownNow();
+      assertTrue(executor.awaitTermination(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS));
+    }
+  }
+
+  private static ThreadMXBean threadBean(Supplier<ThreadInfo[]> threadInfos) {
+    return (ThreadMXBean)
+        Proxy.newProxyInstance(
+            JvmThreadMetricsTest.class.getClassLoader(),
+            new Class<?>[] {ThreadMXBean.class},
+            (proxy, method, args) ->
+                switch (method.getName()) {
+                  case "getAllThreadIds" -> new long[] {1L, 2L, 3L};
+                  case "getThreadInfo" -> threadInfos.get();
+                  default -> throw new UnsupportedOperationException(method.getName());
+                });
+  }
+}