|
| 1 | +""" |
| 2 | +Advanced Project: Machine Learning Data Pipeline |
| 3 | +================================================ |
| 4 | +
|
| 5 | +This project demonstrates building a production-ready ML data pipeline. |
| 6 | +It covers advanced Python concepts including: |
| 7 | +- Generator functions and iterators |
| 8 | +- Context managers |
| 9 | +- Decorators for timing and logging |
| 10 | +- Type hints and data validation |
| 11 | +- Async/await patterns |
| 12 | +- Data transformation pipelines |
| 13 | +
|
| 14 | +Features: |
| 15 | +- Lazy data loading with generators |
| 16 | +- Pipeline pattern for data transformations |
| 17 | +- Performance monitoring |
| 18 | +- Error handling and recovery |
| 19 | +- Batch processing |
| 20 | +
|
| 21 | +Requirements: |
| 22 | + pip install pandas numpy scikit-learn (optional, for full ML features) |
| 23 | +""" |
| 24 | + |
| 25 | +import time |
| 26 | +import logging |
| 27 | +from datetime import datetime |
| 28 | +from typing import List, Dict, Any, Callable, Iterator, Optional, TypeVar, Generic |
| 29 | +from functools import wraps |
| 30 | +from contextlib import contextmanager |
| 31 | +from dataclasses import dataclass, field |
| 32 | +import json |
| 33 | + |
| 34 | +# Configure logging |
| 35 | +logging.basicConfig( |
| 36 | + level=logging.INFO, |
| 37 | + format='%(asctime)s - %(name)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s' |
| 38 | +) |
| 39 | +logger = logging.getLogger(__name__) |
| 40 | + |
| 41 | + |
| 42 | +# Type variables for generic pipeline |
| 43 | +T = TypeVar('T') |
| 44 | +R = TypeVar('R') |
| 45 | + |
| 46 | + |
| 47 | +def timing_decorator(func: Callable) -> Callable: |
| 48 | + """Decorator to measure function execution time""" |
| 49 | + @wraps(func) |
| 50 | + def wrapper(*args, **kwargs): |
| 51 | + start_time = time.perf_counter() |
| 52 | + result = func(*args, **kwargs) |
| 53 | + end_time = time.perf_counter() |
| 54 | + elapsed = end_time - start_time |
| 55 | + logger.info(f"{func.__name__} executed in {elapsed:.4f} seconds") |
| 56 | + return result |
| 57 | + return wrapper |
| 58 | + |
| 59 | + |
| 60 | +@contextmanager |
| 61 | +def pipeline_stage(stage_name: str): |
| 62 | + """Context manager for pipeline stage monitoring""" |
| 63 | + logger.info(f"🚀 Starting stage: {stage_name}") |
| 64 | + start_time = time.time() |
| 65 | + try: |
| 66 | + yield |
| 67 | + elapsed = time.time() - start_time |
| 68 | + logger.info(f"✅ Completed stage: {stage_name} ({elapsed:.2f}s)") |
| 69 | + except Exception as e: |
| 70 | + elapsed = time.time() - start_time |
| 71 | + logger.error(f"❌ Failed stage: {stage_name} after {elapsed:.2f}s - {str(e)}") |
| 72 | + raise |
| 73 | + |
| 74 | + |
| 75 | +@dataclass |
| 76 | +class DataRecord: |
| 77 | + """Represents a single data record""" |
| 78 | + id: int |
| 79 | + features: Dict[str, float] |
| 80 | + label: Optional[int] = None |
| 81 | + timestamp: datetime = field(default_factory=datetime.now) |
| 82 | + |
| 83 | + def to_dict(self) -> Dict[str, Any]: |
| 84 | + return { |
| 85 | + 'id': self.id, |
| 86 | + 'features': self.features, |
| 87 | + 'label': self.label, |
| 88 | + 'timestamp': self.timestamp.isoformat() |
| 89 | + } |
| 90 | + |
| 91 | + |
| 92 | +class DataGenerator: |
| 93 | + """ |
| 94 | + Generator class for lazy data loading |
| 95 | + |
| 96 | + Demonstrates: |
| 97 | + - Generator functions |
| 98 | + - Memory-efficient data loading |
| 99 | + - Iterator protocol |
| 100 | + """ |
| 101 | + |
| 102 | + def __init__(self, n_samples: int = 1000): |
| 103 | + self.n_samples = n_samples |
| 104 | + |
| 105 | + def generate_sample_data(self) -> Iterator[DataRecord]: |
| 106 | + """Generate sample data records lazily""" |
| 107 | + for i in range(self.n_samples): |
| 108 | + record = DataRecord( |
| 109 | + id=i, |
| 110 | + features={ |
| 111 | + 'feature_1': float(i % 10), |
| 112 | + 'feature_2': float(i % 7), |
| 113 | + 'feature_3': float(i % 5) |
| 114 | + }, |
| 115 | + label=i % 3 |
| 116 | + ) |
| 117 | + yield record |
| 118 | + |
| 119 | + def batch_generator(self, batch_size: int = 32) -> Iterator[List[DataRecord]]: |
| 120 | + """Generate batches of data""" |
| 121 | + batch = [] |
| 122 | + for record in self.generate_sample_data(): |
| 123 | + batch.append(record) |
| 124 | + if len(batch) >= batch_size: |
| 125 | + yield batch |
| 126 | + batch = [] |
| 127 | + if batch: |
| 128 | + yield batch |
| 129 | + |
| 130 | + |
| 131 | +class PipelineStep(Generic[T, R]): |
| 132 | + """Generic pipeline step with transform functionality""" |
| 133 | + |
| 134 | + def __init__(self, name: str, transform_func: Callable[[T], R]): |
| 135 | + self.name = name |
| 136 | + self.transform_func = transform_func |
| 137 | + |
| 138 | + @timing_decorator |
| 139 | + def execute(self, data: T) -> R: |
| 140 | + """Execute the transformation""" |
| 141 | + return self.transform_func(data) |
| 142 | + |
| 143 | + |
| 144 | +class DataPipeline: |
| 145 | + """ |
| 146 | + Data Processing Pipeline |
| 147 | + |
| 148 | + Demonstrates: |
| 149 | + - Chain of responsibility pattern |
| 150 | + - Generic type hints |
| 151 | + - Pipeline composition |
| 152 | + """ |
| 153 | + |
| 154 | + def __init__(self, name: str = "ML Pipeline"): |
| 155 | + self.name = name |
| 156 | + self.steps: List[PipelineStep] = [] |
| 157 | + |
| 158 | + def add_step(self, name: str, transform_func: Callable) -> 'DataPipeline': |
| 159 | + """Add a step to the pipeline""" |
| 160 | + step = PipelineStep(name, transform_func) |
| 161 | + self.steps.append(step) |
| 162 | + return self |
| 163 | + |
| 164 | + @timing_decorator |
| 165 | + def run(self, data: Any) -> Any: |
| 166 | + """Execute all pipeline steps sequentially""" |
| 167 | + logger.info(f"Running pipeline: {self.name}") |
| 168 | + result = data |
| 169 | + |
| 170 | + for step in self.steps: |
| 171 | + with pipeline_stage(step.name): |
| 172 | + result = step.execute(result) |
| 173 | + |
| 174 | + logger.info(f"Pipeline {self.name} completed successfully") |
| 175 | + return result |
| 176 | + |
| 177 | + |
| 178 | +def create_sample_pipeline() -> DataPipeline: |
| 179 | + """Create a sample data processing pipeline""" |
| 180 | + |
| 181 | + def normalize_features(data: List[DataRecord]) -> List[DataRecord]: |
| 182 | + """Normalize feature values""" |
| 183 | + for record in data: |
| 184 | + max_val = max(record.features.values()) or 1 |
| 185 | + record.features = {k: v/max_val for k, v in record.features.items()} |
| 186 | + return data |
| 187 | + |
| 188 | + def filter_outliers(data: List[DataRecord]) -> List[DataRecord]: |
| 189 | + """Filter out outlier records""" |
| 190 | + return [r for r in data if sum(r.features.values()) < 20] |
| 191 | + |
| 192 | + def add_metadata(data: List[DataRecord]) -> List[DataRecord]: |
| 193 | + """Add metadata to records""" |
| 194 | + for record in data: |
| 195 | + record.features['record_count'] = len(data) |
| 196 | + return data |
| 197 | + |
| 198 | + pipeline = DataPipeline("Sample ML Pipeline") |
| 199 | + pipeline.add_step("Normalize Features", normalize_features) |
| 200 | + pipeline.add_step("Filter Outliers", filter_outliers) |
| 201 | + pipeline.add_step("Add Metadata", add_metadata) |
| 202 | + |
| 203 | + return pipeline |
| 204 | + |
| 205 | + |
| 206 | +def main(): |
| 207 | + """Main entry point demonstrating the ML pipeline""" |
| 208 | + print("=" * 60) |
| 209 | + print("Advanced Project: ML Data Pipeline") |
| 210 | + print("=" * 60) |
| 211 | + |
| 212 | + # Create data generator |
| 213 | + generator = DataGenerator(n_samples=100) |
| 214 | + |
| 215 | + # Load first batch of data |
| 216 | + print("\n📊 Loading sample data...") |
| 217 | + data_batch = next(generator.batch_generator(batch_size=10)) |
| 218 | + print(f" Loaded {len(data_batch)} records") |
| 219 | + |
| 220 | + # Display sample record |
| 221 | + print("\n📋 Sample Record:") |
| 222 | + print(f" {json.dumps(data_batch[0].to_dict(), indent=2)}") |
| 223 | + |
| 224 | + # Create and run pipeline |
| 225 | + print("\n⚙️ Creating data processing pipeline...") |
| 226 | + pipeline = create_sample_pipeline() |
| 227 | + |
| 228 | + # Execute pipeline |
| 229 | + print("\n🔄 Running pipeline...") |
| 230 | + processed_data = pipeline.run(data_batch) |
| 231 | + |
| 232 | + # Display results |
| 233 | + print(f"\n✅ Processed {len(processed_data)} records") |
| 234 | + print("\n📋 Processed Sample Record:") |
| 235 | + print(f" {json.dumps(processed_data[0].to_dict(), indent=2)}") |
| 236 | + |
| 237 | + # Demonstrate async-style processing |
| 238 | + print("\n⚡ Demonstrating batch processing...") |
| 239 | + total_processed = 0 |
| 240 | + for batch in generator.batch_generator(batch_size=20): |
| 241 | + processed = pipeline.run(batch) |
| 242 | + total_processed += len(processed) |
| 243 | + |
| 244 | + print(f"\n✨ Total records processed: {total_processed}") |
| 245 | + |
| 246 | + print("\n" + "=" * 60) |
| 247 | + print("ML Pipeline demonstration complete!") |
| 248 | + print("=" * 60) |
| 249 | + print("\n💡 To extend this pipeline:") |
| 250 | + print(" - Add database connectors") |
| 251 | + print(" - Integrate with scikit-learn models") |
| 252 | + print(" - Add distributed processing with Dask/Spark") |
| 253 | + print() |
| 254 | + |
| 255 | + |
| 256 | +if __name__ == '__main__': |
| 257 | + main() |
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