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/>
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<title>Is Europe Falling Behind?</title>
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<script type="module" crossorigin src="./assets/index-CrJT5TjK.js"></script>
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<link rel="stylesheet" crossorigin href="./assets/index-DcNdHJkF.css">
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<script type="module" crossorigin src="./assets/index-D1x4zNMn.js"></script>
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<link rel="stylesheet" crossorigin href="./assets/index-CeB9-hin.css">
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</head>
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<body>
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<div id="app">
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<section class="findings-panel" aria-labelledby="findings-title">
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<div class="section-kicker">
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<p class="eyebrow">Key findings</p>
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<h2 id="findings-title">Europe grew. Markets repriced the world elsewhere.</h2>
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<h2 id="findings-title">Europe kept growing, but listed-equity gains and index weight shifted toward the US.</h2>
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</div>
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<div class="finding-grid">
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<article class="finding-card">
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<h2>The benchmark is not arbitrary.</h2>
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<p>
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The United States and Europe are both high-income, institutionally
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mature markets that matter in global portfolios. Comparing them
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lets us separate a real-economy question from a listed-market
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question: did people get poorer, or did public equity value
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compound somewhere else?
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mature markets that matter in global portfolios. From here on,
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we keep the comparison anchored on these rich-market blocs so
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later gaps are not driven by emerging-market catch-up. The
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question is whether output growth diverged, or whether listed
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equity gains accumulated much more strongly in the US.
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</p>
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<div class="story-stat-row">
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<span><strong>Rich-market</strong> baseline</span>
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<p class="eyebrow">Act 3 &middot; Divergence hypothesis</p>
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<h2>The gap opens when we change the measure.</h2>
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<p>
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This leads us to the hypothesis that it isn't that Europe
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stopped producing output, it is that output growth diverged from
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broader market indicators. We apply a break-fit test to find
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divergence points in various metrics, and find that candidate
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break years cluster around the 2008 crisis window. The
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normalization view lets you explore these critical years and
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view the apparent divergence - much wider for ETF data and
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market cap, but much narrower for GDP, and especially after
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adjusting for PPP.
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This leads to a narrower hypothesis: Europe did not stop
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producing output, but market-linked indicators pulled away
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after the crisis. To check that, we fit the log US/Europe gap
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with the same piecewise trend at each candidate break year from
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2005 to 2015 and rank those fits by BIC. The best-ranked years
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cluster around the 2008 crisis window. The normalization view
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then lets you stress-test the split across base years and
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lenses: it is widest for ETF and market-cap proxies, narrower
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for GDP, and narrower still after PPP adjustment.
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</p>
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<div class="story-stat-row">
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<span><strong>2.51x</strong> US ETF</span>
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<span><strong>1.52x</strong> US ETF</span>
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<span><strong>Switzerland</strong> main exception</span>
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</div>
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<p class="story-analysis-note">
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Read: Europe is heterogeneous, but no selected European country
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carries the market story the way the US does. The gap is not only
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a single weak country dragging down the average.
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</p>
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<button class="story-preset-button" type="button" data-story-action="europe-dispersion">
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Show Europe spread
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</button>
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</article>
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<article class="story-step" data-story-preset="sector-drivers">
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<p class="eyebrow">Act 5 &middot; Industry drivers</p>
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<h2>The winning sectors sit elsewhere.</h2>
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<h2>The sectors driving divergence.</h2>
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<p>
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The ACWI snapshots translate the country story into sector
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exposure. From 2015 to 2026, global index weight becomes more
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concentrated in the United States, and information technology
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becomes the dominant sector block.
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</p>
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<p>
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The US begins with a strong weight for tech, and as the sector
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inflates in value over the decade outpacing all others, the US
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share of the ACWI outpaces the rest of the world.
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</p>
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<div class="story-stat-row">
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<span><strong>63.7%</strong> US ACWI weight</span>
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<span><strong>30.7%</strong> information technology</span>
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<article class="story-step story-step--explore" data-story-preset="wrap-up">
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<p class="eyebrow">Conclusion &middot; What falling behind means</p>
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<h2>Europe is not collapsing. Listed-market power moved elsewhere.</h2>
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<h2>Europe kept growing. Market-linked gains pulled away.</h2>
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<p>
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The final scatter keeps the comparison narrow: selected Europe
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versus the US. Output per person is not wildly different, but the
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market proxy is. Europe did not stop growing; the listed-market
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upside concentrated elsewhere.
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versus the US. Output per person remains in the same broad
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neighborhood, but market proxies do not. The claim is not that
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Europe stopped producing; it is that listed-equity gains and
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benchmark index weight accumulated much more strongly in the US.
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</p>
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<div class="story-stat-row">
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<span><strong>1.18x-1.26x</strong> Europe GDP/person</span>
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<span><strong>0.43x-1.15x</strong> Europe ETF</span>
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<span><strong>1.52x</strong> US ETF</span>
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</div>
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<div class="story-verdict-panel" aria-label="Conclusion verdict">
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<strong>Final read</strong>
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<p>
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The evidence does not support a simple European collapse story.
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It supports a more specific claim: Europe kept growing, but the
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investable market story shifted toward the US, especially through
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listed equity concentration and technology-heavy sectors.
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</p>
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<p>
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The limitation is equally important: these charts measure output
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and listed capital, not the full well-being of households.
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</p>
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</div>
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<button class="story-preset-button" type="button" data-story-action="wrap-up">
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Show final comparison
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</button>
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<p class="eyebrow">2008 break</p>
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<h2>The break-year test points to the crisis window.</h2>
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<p>
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This is the Act 3 evidence: candidate break years cluster around
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the crisis window, and the interactive normalization explorer
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lets you test whether the split depends on the base year or lens.
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The break-year finder and normalization explorer let you inspect
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when the split appears and how much it depends on the base year,
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metric, and price adjustment.
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</p>
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</div>
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<section class="story-break-subpanel" aria-label="Interactive normalization explorer">
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<h3>Interactive divergence explorer</h3>
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<p>
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Choose the base year and switch between GDP lenses, ETF, and
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market-cap proxies. This is the original interactive divergence
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plot, restored inside the divergence act.
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market-cap proxies.
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</p>
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<div id="normalization-explorer" class="normalization-explorer"></div>
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</section>
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<section class="story-close-panel" aria-label="Conclusion and limitations">
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<div class="section-kicker">
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<p class="eyebrow">Wrap up</p>
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<h2>Europe is not simply falling behind. It is falling behind in a specific market story.</h2>
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<h2>Europe kept growing, but listed-equity gains and global index weight shifted toward the US.</h2>
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</div>
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<div class="story-verdict-panel story-verdict-panel--close" aria-label="Final read">
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<strong>Final read</strong>
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<p>
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The evidence supports a narrower thesis: Europe continued to grow,
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but the investable-market rewards, sector concentration, and global
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index weight shifted more strongly toward the United States. The
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final question is whether these indicators track broad well-being,
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or mostly the returns to listed capital.
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The evidence does not support a simple European collapse story.
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GDP and GDP per capita reject that reading. The sharper divergence
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appears in ETF, market-cap, and ACWI views, where listed-equity
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rewards and global benchmark weight shift much more strongly toward
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the United States.
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</p>
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<p>
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The break-year check compares the same piecewise fit of the log
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US/Europe gap across candidate years. Those rankings repeatedly land
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near the 2008 crisis window, which makes the crisis period a
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plausible turning point for the market story even though the
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PPP-adjusted output split is milder.
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</p>
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<p>
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The limitation is equally important: these charts measure output
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and listed capital, not the full well-being of households. The
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next question is how far market gains track lived economic welfare
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rather than asset concentration.
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</p>
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</div>
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<div class="story-close-grid">
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<article class="story-close-card">
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<h3>What the data can say</h3>
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<p>GDP and GDP per capita reject a simple stagnation story. ETF, market-cap, and ACWI views show the sharper divergence.</p>
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</article>
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<article class="story-close-card">
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<h3>What it cannot fully say</h3>
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<p>Market data does not measure public services, inequality, household balance sheets, or lived well-being directly.</p>
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</article>
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<article class="story-close-card">
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<h3>How to read the project</h3>
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<p>Treat the guided story as the argument and the controls as the audit trail: change the indicator, year, and geography to look for exceptions.</p>
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</article>
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</div>
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</section>
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