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‎01_calculator/ast.html‎

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<h2 id="abstract-syntax-tree-ast"><a class="header" href="#abstract-syntax-tree-ast">Abstract Syntax Tree (AST)</a></h2>
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<p>Think of source code as a <em>sentence</em> and the AST as its <em>diagram</em>. Just like “The cat sat on the mat” can be diagrammed into subject/verb/object, <code>1 + 2</code> can be diagrammed into left/operator/right. The AST is that diagram - it captures <em>structure</em>, not just text.</p>
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<p>AST comes into the picture when we want to go from the string representation of our program like <code>"-1"</code> or <code>"1 + 2"</code> to something more manageable and easier to work with. Since our program is not a random string (that’s what the grammar ensures), we can use the structure within the expressions <code>"-1"</code> and <code>"1 + 2"</code> to our advantage and come up with a <em>new representation</em> like a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tree_structure">tree</a>:</p>
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<p>Run such tests locally with</p>
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<pre><code class="language-bash">cargo test interpreter --tests
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<div class="checkpoint">
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<strong>Checkpoint</strong>
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<p>At this point, you should be able to:</p>
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<li>Parse <code>1 + 2</code> and build an AST with a <code>Binary</code> node</li>
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<li>Evaluate <code>1 + 2 - 3</code> and get <code>0</code></li>
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<li>Handle nested expressions like <code>-1 + (2 + 3)</code></li>
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<strong>Related Topics</strong>
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<li><a href="./grammar_lexer_parser.html">Grammar and Parser</a> - How input becomes tokens</li>
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<li><a href="./jit_intro.html">JIT Compilation</a> - Compile AST to machine code</li>
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<li><a href="./vm.html">Virtual Machine</a> - Compile AST to bytecode</li>
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<li><a href="../02_firstlang/functions.html">Firstlang AST</a> - AST for a full language</li>
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‎01_calculator/ast_traversal.html‎

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‎01_calculator/basic_llvm.html‎

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<p>Yes! all of this just to add two integers.</p>
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<strong>Checkpoint</strong>
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<p>At this point, you should be able to:</p>
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<li>Run the LLVM example with <code>rustup run nightly cargo run</code></li>
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<li>See the JIT execute and return <code>3</code> (for <code>1 + 2</code>)</li>
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<li>Understand the context → module → function → basic block hierarchy</li>
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<strong>Related Topics</strong>
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<li><a href="./ast_traversal.html">AST Traversal Patterns</a> - Compile full AST to LLVM</li>
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<li><a href="../03_secondlang/ir.html">LLVM IR Basics</a> - Understanding LLVM IR syntax</li>
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<li><a href="../03_secondlang/codegen.html">Secondlang Codegen</a> - Full compiler to LLVM</li>
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‎01_calculator/calc_intro.html‎

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