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chore: add block 4
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‎course/README.md‎

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@@ -10,6 +10,8 @@ Der normale Unterricht startet weiterhin im Root von `db-2-app`. Die Checkpoints
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| `block-2-complete` | Block-2-Loesung mit `V2__enforce_ticket_rules.sql` |
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| `block-3-start` | Einstieg in Block 3 auf Basis von `block-2-complete` |
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| `block-3-complete` | Block-3-Loesung mit Transaktionsworkflow |
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| `block-4-start` | Einstieg in Block 4 auf Basis von `block-3-complete` |
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| `block-4-complete` | Block-4-Loesung mit Schema-Design-Erweiterungen |
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## Arbeitskopie erzeugen
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‎course/overlays/block-4-complete/src/main/java/ch/hftm/db2/ticketsystem/ticket/CreateTicketRequest.java‎

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package ch.hftm.db2.ticketsystem.ticket;
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import io.swagger.v3.oas.annotations.media.Schema;
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import jakarta.validation.constraints.NotBlank;
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import lombok.Data;
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import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
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@Data
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@NoArgsConstructor
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@Schema(description = "Eingabe für ein neues Ticket")
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class CreateTicketRequest {
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@NotBlank
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@Schema(description = "Kurzer Tickettitel", example = "Datenbankverbindung pruefen")
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private String title;
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@NotBlank
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@Schema(description = "Ticketstatus", example = "open")
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private String status;
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@Schema(description = "Priorität des Tickets", example = "normal")
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private String priority;
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@Schema(description = "Optionale fachliche Referenz aus einem externen System", example = "MON-2026-0042")
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private String externalReference;
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@Schema(description = "Optionaler erster Kommentar", example = "Fehler tritt seit heute Morgen auf.")
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private String initialComment;
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CreateTicketRequest(String title, String status, String initialComment) {
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this(title, status, "normal", null, initialComment);
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}
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CreateTicketRequest(
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String title,
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String status,
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String priority,
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String externalReference,
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String initialComment
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) {
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this.title = title;
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this.status = status;
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this.priority = priority;
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this.externalReference = externalReference;
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this.initialComment = initialComment;
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}
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}

‎course/overlays/block-4-complete/src/main/java/ch/hftm/db2/ticketsystem/ticket/TicketController.java‎

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package ch.hftm.db2.ticketsystem.ticket;
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import io.swagger.v3.oas.annotations.Operation;
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import io.swagger.v3.oas.annotations.Parameter;
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import io.swagger.v3.oas.annotations.tags.Tag;
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import jakarta.validation.Valid;
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import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
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import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
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import java.util.List;
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@RestController
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@RequestMapping("/api/tickets")
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@Tag(name = "Tickets", description = "Ticket Controller")
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class TicketController {
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private final TicketService ticketService;
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TicketController(TicketService ticketService) {
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this.ticketService = ticketService;
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}
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@GetMapping
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@Operation(summary = "Tickets lesen", description = "Liest alle nicht geloeschten Tickets oder filtert nach einem Status.")
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List<TicketResponse> findTickets(
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@Parameter(description = "Optionaler Statusfilter, zum Beispiel open")
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@RequestParam(required = false) String status
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) {
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return ticketService.findTickets(status);
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}
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@PostMapping
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@ResponseStatus(HttpStatus.CREATED)
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@Operation(summary = "Ticket erstellen", description = "Erstellt ein Ticket mit Priorität, optionaler fachlicher Referenz und optionalem ersten Kommentar.")
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TicketResponse createTicket(@Valid @RequestBody CreateTicketRequest request) {
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return ticketService.createTicket(request);
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}
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@PatchMapping("/{id}/status")
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@Operation(summary = "Ticketstatus ändern", description = "Ändert den Status und schreibt ein Ereignis.")
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TicketResponse changeStatus(
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@PathVariable Long id,
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@Valid @RequestBody StatusChangeRequest request
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) {
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return ticketService.changeStatus(id, request);
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}
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@DeleteMapping("/{id}")
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@ResponseStatus(HttpStatus.NO_CONTENT)
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@Operation(summary = "Ticket ausblenden", description = "Markiert ein Ticket mit deleted_at, statt die Zeile physisch zu loeschen.")
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void deleteTicket(@PathVariable Long id) {
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ticketService.deleteTicket(id);
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}
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}

‎course/overlays/block-4-complete/src/main/java/ch/hftm/db2/ticketsystem/ticket/TicketEntity.java‎

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package ch.hftm.db2.ticketsystem.ticket;
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import jakarta.persistence.*;
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import lombok.AccessLevel;
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import lombok.Data;
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import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
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import java.time.OffsetDateTime;
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@Entity
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@Table(name = "tickets", schema = "app_starter")
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@Data
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@NoArgsConstructor(access = AccessLevel.PROTECTED)
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class TicketEntity {
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@Id
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@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
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private Long id;
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@Column(name = "title")
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private String title;
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@Column(name = "status")
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private String status;
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@Column(name = "external_reference")
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private String externalReference;
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@Column(name = "priority")
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private String priority;
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@Version
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@Column(name = "version")
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private Long version;
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@Column(name = "created_at", insertable = false, updatable = false)
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private OffsetDateTime createdAt;
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@Column(name = "updated_at")
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private OffsetDateTime updatedAt;
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@Column(name = "deleted_at")
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private OffsetDateTime deletedAt;
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TicketEntity(String title, String status) {
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this(title, status, "normal", null);
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}
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TicketEntity(String title, String status, String priority, String externalReference) {
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this.title = title;
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this.status = status;
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this.priority = priority;
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this.externalReference = externalReference;
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}
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@PrePersist
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void markCreated() {
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if (updatedAt == null) {
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updatedAt = OffsetDateTime.now();
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}
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}
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@PreUpdate
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void markUpdated() {
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updatedAt = OffsetDateTime.now();
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}
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void markDeleted() {
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deletedAt = OffsetDateTime.now();
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}
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}

‎course/overlays/block-4-complete/src/main/java/ch/hftm/db2/ticketsystem/ticket/TicketMapper.java‎

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package ch.hftm.db2.ticketsystem.ticket;
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import org.mapstruct.Mapper;
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import org.mapstruct.Mapping;
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@Mapper(componentModel = "spring")
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interface TicketMapper {
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TicketResponse toResponse(TicketEntity entity);
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@Mapping(target = "id", ignore = true)
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@Mapping(target = "version", ignore = true)
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@Mapping(target = "createdAt", ignore = true)
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@Mapping(target = "updatedAt", ignore = true)
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@Mapping(target = "deletedAt", ignore = true)
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TicketEntity toEntity(CreateTicketRequest request);
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}

‎course/overlays/block-4-complete/src/main/java/ch/hftm/db2/ticketsystem/ticket/TicketRepository.java‎

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package ch.hftm.db2.ticketsystem.ticket;
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import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;
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import java.util.List;
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interface TicketRepository extends JpaRepository<TicketEntity, Long> {
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List<TicketEntity> findByDeletedAtIsNullOrderByCreatedAtDesc();
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List<TicketEntity> findByStatusAndDeletedAtIsNullOrderByCreatedAtDesc(String status);
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}

‎course/overlays/block-4-complete/src/main/java/ch/hftm/db2/ticketsystem/ticket/TicketResponse.java‎

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package ch.hftm.db2.ticketsystem.ticket;
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import io.swagger.v3.oas.annotations.media.Schema;
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import lombok.Value;
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import java.time.OffsetDateTime;
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@Value
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@Schema(description = "Antwortmodell für ein Ticket")
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class TicketResponse {
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@Schema(description = "Technische Ticket-ID", example = "1")
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Long id;
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@Schema(description = "Kurzer Tickettitel", example = "VPN-Zugriff analysieren")
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String title;
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@Schema(description = "Aktueller Ticketstatus", example = "open")
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String status;
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@Schema(description = "Priorität", example = "normal")
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String priority;
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@Schema(description = "Optionale fachliche Referenz", example = "MON-2026-0042")
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String externalReference;
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@Schema(description = "Optimistic-Locking-Version", example = "0")
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Long version;
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@Schema(description = "Erstellzeitpunkt des Tickets")
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OffsetDateTime createdAt;
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@Schema(description = "Letzter Änderungszeitpunkt des Tickets")
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OffsetDateTime updatedAt;
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Long id() {
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return id;
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}
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String title() {
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return title;
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}
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String status() {
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return status;
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}
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String priority() {
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return priority;
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}
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String externalReference() {
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return externalReference;
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}
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Long version() {
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return version;
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}
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OffsetDateTime createdAt() {
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return createdAt;
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}
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OffsetDateTime updatedAt() {
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return updatedAt;
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}
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}

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