@@ -45,6 +45,14 @@
     <meta-data android:name="io.sentry.screenshot.mask-all-images" android:value="true" />
     ```
 - The `ManifestMetaDataReader` now read the `DIST` ([#5107](https://github.com/getsentry/sentry-java/pull/5107))
+- Add new experimental option to capture profiles for ANRs ([#4899](https://github.com/getsentry/sentry-java/pull/4899))
+  - This feature will capture a stack profile of the main thread when it gets unresponsive
+  - The profile gets attached to the ANR event on the next app start, providing a flamegraph of the ANR issue on the sentry issue details page
+  - Enable via `options.setAnrProfilingSampleRate(<sample-rate>)` or AndroidManifest.xml: `<meta-data android:name="io.sentry.anr.profiling.sample-rate" android:value="[0.0-1.0]" />`
+  - The sample rate controls the probability of collecting a profile for each detected foreground ANR (0.0 to 1.0, null to disable)
+- Add `enableAnrFingerprinting` option to reduce ANR noise by assigning static fingerprints to ANR events with system-only stacktraces
+  - When enabled, ANRs whose stacktraces contain only system frames (e.g. `java.lang` or `android.os`) are grouped into a single issue instead of creating many separate issues
+  - Enable via `options.setEnableAnrFingerprinting(true)` or AndroidManifest.xml: `<meta-data android:name="io.sentry.anr.enable-fingerprinting" android:value="true" />`
 
 ### Fixes
 
@@ -180,7 +188,7 @@
 - Discard envelopes on `4xx` and `5xx` response ([#4950](https://github.com/getsentry/sentry-java/pull/4950))
   - This aims to not overwhelm Sentry after an outage or load shedding (including HTTP 429) where too many events are sent at once
 
-### Feature
+### Features
 
 - Add a Tombstone integration that detects native crashes without relying on the NDK integration, but instead using `ApplicationExitInfo.REASON_CRASH_NATIVE` on Android 12+. ([#4933](https://github.com/getsentry/sentry-java/pull/4933))
   - Currently exposed via options as an _internal_ API only.
 
@@ -347,6 +347,7 @@ public final class io/sentry/android/core/SentryAndroidDateProvider : io/sentry/
 public final class io/sentry/android/core/SentryAndroidOptions : io/sentry/SentryOptions {
 	public fun <init> ()V
 	public fun enableAllAutoBreadcrumbs (Z)V
+	public fun getAnrProfilingSampleRate ()Ljava/lang/Double;
 	public fun getAnrTimeoutIntervalMillis ()J
 	public fun getBeforeScreenshotCaptureCallback ()Lio/sentry/android/core/SentryAndroidOptions$BeforeCaptureCallback;
 	public fun getBeforeViewHierarchyCaptureCallback ()Lio/sentry/android/core/SentryAndroidOptions$BeforeCaptureCallback;
@@ -357,6 +358,7 @@ public final class io/sentry/android/core/SentryAndroidOptions : io/sentry/Sentr
 	public fun getScreenshot ()Lio/sentry/android/core/SentryScreenshotOptions;
 	public fun getStartupCrashDurationThresholdMillis ()J
 	public fun isAnrEnabled ()Z
+	public fun isAnrProfilingEnabled ()Z
 	public fun isAnrReportInDebug ()Z
 	public fun isAttachAnrThreadDump ()Z
 	public fun isAttachScreenshot ()Z
@@ -365,6 +367,7 @@ public final class io/sentry/android/core/SentryAndroidOptions : io/sentry/Sentr
 	public fun isCollectExternalStorageContext ()Z
 	public fun isEnableActivityLifecycleBreadcrumbs ()Z
 	public fun isEnableActivityLifecycleTracingAutoFinish ()Z
+	public fun isEnableAnrFingerprinting ()Z
 	public fun isEnableAppComponentBreadcrumbs ()Z
 	public fun isEnableAppLifecycleBreadcrumbs ()Z
 	public fun isEnableAutoActivityLifecycleTracing ()Z
@@ -381,6 +384,7 @@ public final class io/sentry/android/core/SentryAndroidOptions : io/sentry/Sentr
 	public fun isReportHistoricalTombstones ()Z
 	public fun isTombstoneEnabled ()Z
 	public fun setAnrEnabled (Z)V
+	public fun setAnrProfilingSampleRate (Ljava/lang/Double;)V
 	public fun setAnrReportInDebug (Z)V
 	public fun setAnrTimeoutIntervalMillis (J)V
 	public fun setAttachAnrThreadDump (Z)V
@@ -393,6 +397,7 @@ public final class io/sentry/android/core/SentryAndroidOptions : io/sentry/Sentr
 	public fun setDebugImagesLoader (Lio/sentry/android/core/IDebugImagesLoader;)V
 	public fun setEnableActivityLifecycleBreadcrumbs (Z)V
 	public fun setEnableActivityLifecycleTracingAutoFinish (Z)V
+	public fun setEnableAnrFingerprinting (Z)V
 	public fun setEnableAppComponentBreadcrumbs (Z)V
 	public fun setEnableAppLifecycleBreadcrumbs (Z)V
 	public fun setEnableAutoActivityLifecycleTracing (Z)V
@@ -553,6 +558,79 @@ public final class io/sentry/android/core/ViewHierarchyEventProcessor : io/sentr
 	public static fun snapshotViewHierarchyAsData (Landroid/app/Activity;Lio/sentry/util/thread/IThreadChecker;Lio/sentry/ISerializer;Lio/sentry/ILogger;)[B
 }
 
+public class io/sentry/android/core/anr/AggregatedStackTrace {
+	public fun <init> ([Ljava/lang/StackTraceElement;IIJF)V
+	public fun addOccurrence (J)V
+	public fun getStack ()[Ljava/lang/StackTraceElement;
+}
+
+public class io/sentry/android/core/anr/AnrCulpritIdentifier {
+	public fun <init> ()V
+	public static fun identify (Ljava/util/List;)Lio/sentry/android/core/anr/AggregatedStackTrace;
+	public static fun isSystemFrame (Ljava/lang/String;)Z
+}
+
+public class io/sentry/android/core/anr/AnrProfile {
+	public final field endTimeMs J
+	public final field stacks Ljava/util/List;
+	public final field startTimeMs J
+	public fun <init> (Ljava/util/List;)V
+}
+
+public class io/sentry/android/core/anr/AnrProfileManager : java/lang/AutoCloseable {
+	public fun <init> (Lio/sentry/SentryOptions;)V
+	public fun <init> (Lio/sentry/SentryOptions;Ljava/io/File;)V
+	public fun add (Lio/sentry/android/core/anr/AnrStackTrace;)V
+	public fun clear ()V
+	public fun close ()V
+	public fun load ()Lio/sentry/android/core/anr/AnrProfile;
+}
+
+public class io/sentry/android/core/anr/AnrProfileRotationHelper {
+	public fun <init> ()V
+	public static fun deleteLastFile (Ljava/io/File;)Z
+	public static fun getFileForRecording (Ljava/io/File;)Ljava/io/File;
+	public static fun getLastFile (Ljava/io/File;)Ljava/io/File;
+	public static fun rotate ()V
+}
+
+public class io/sentry/android/core/anr/AnrProfilingIntegration : io/sentry/Integration, io/sentry/android/core/AppState$AppStateListener, java/io/Closeable, java/lang/Runnable {
+	public static final field POLLING_INTERVAL_MS J
+	public static final field THRESHOLD_ANR_MS J
+	public fun <init> ()V
+	protected fun checkMainThread (Ljava/lang/Thread;)V
+	public fun close ()V
+	protected fun getProfileManager ()Lio/sentry/android/core/anr/AnrProfileManager;
+	protected fun getState ()Lio/sentry/android/core/anr/AnrProfilingIntegration$MainThreadState;
+	public fun onBackground ()V
+	public fun onForeground ()V
+	public fun register (Lio/sentry/IScopes;Lio/sentry/SentryOptions;)V
+	public fun run ()V
+}
+
+protected final class io/sentry/android/core/anr/AnrProfilingIntegration$MainThreadState : java/lang/Enum {
+	public static final field ANR_DETECTED Lio/sentry/android/core/anr/AnrProfilingIntegration$MainThreadState;
+	public static final field IDLE Lio/sentry/android/core/anr/AnrProfilingIntegration$MainThreadState;
+	public static final field SUSPICIOUS Lio/sentry/android/core/anr/AnrProfilingIntegration$MainThreadState;
+	public static fun valueOf (Ljava/lang/String;)Lio/sentry/android/core/anr/AnrProfilingIntegration$MainThreadState;
+	public static fun values ()[Lio/sentry/android/core/anr/AnrProfilingIntegration$MainThreadState;
+}
+
+public final class io/sentry/android/core/anr/AnrStackTrace : java/lang/Comparable {
+	public final field stack [Ljava/lang/StackTraceElement;
+	public final field timestampMs J
+	public fun <init> (J[Ljava/lang/StackTraceElement;)V
+	public fun compareTo (Lio/sentry/android/core/anr/AnrStackTrace;)I
+	public synthetic fun compareTo (Ljava/lang/Object;)I
+	public static fun deserialize (Ljava/io/DataInputStream;)Lio/sentry/android/core/anr/AnrStackTrace;
+	public fun serialize (Ljava/io/DataOutputStream;)V
+}
+
+public final class io/sentry/android/core/anr/StackTraceConverter {
+	public fun <init> ()V
+	public static fun convert (Lio/sentry/android/core/anr/AnrProfile;)Lio/sentry/protocol/profiling/SentryProfile;
+}
+
 public final class io/sentry/android/core/cache/AndroidEnvelopeCache : io/sentry/cache/EnvelopeCache {
 	public static final field LAST_ANR_MARKER_LABEL Ljava/lang/String;
 	public static final field LAST_ANR_REPORT Ljava/lang/String;
 
@@ -26,6 +26,8 @@
 import io.sentry.SendFireAndForgetOutboxSender;
 import io.sentry.SentryLevel;
 import io.sentry.SentryOpenTelemetryMode;
+import io.sentry.android.core.anr.AnrProfileRotationHelper;
+import io.sentry.android.core.anr.AnrProfilingIntegration;
 import io.sentry.android.core.cache.AndroidEnvelopeCache;
 import io.sentry.android.core.internal.debugmeta.AssetsDebugMetaLoader;
 import io.sentry.android.core.internal.gestures.AndroidViewGestureTargetLocator;
@@ -135,6 +137,8 @@ static void loadDefaultAndMetadataOptions(
 
     options.setCacheDirPath(getCacheDir(finalContext).getAbsolutePath());
 
+    AnrProfileRotationHelper.rotate();
+
     readDefaultOptionValues(options, finalContext, buildInfoProvider);
     AppState.getInstance().registerLifecycleObserver(options);
     options.activate();
@@ -397,6 +401,8 @@ static void installDefaultIntegrations(
     // it to set the replayId in case of an ANR
     options.addIntegration(AnrIntegrationFactory.create(context, buildInfoProvider));
 
+    options.addIntegration(new AnrProfilingIntegration());
+
     // registerActivityLifecycleCallbacks is only available if Context is an AppContext
     if (context instanceof Application) {
       options.addIntegration(
 
@@ -139,11 +139,18 @@ void reportANR(
       message = "Background " + message;
     }
 
-    final ApplicationNotResponding error = new ApplicationNotResponding(message, anr.getThread());
+    final @Nullable Thread thread = anr.getThread();
+    final @NotNull ApplicationNotResponding error;
+    if (thread == null) {
+      error = new ApplicationNotResponding(message);
+    } else {
+      error = new ApplicationNotResponding(message, thread);
+    }
+
     final Mechanism mechanism = new Mechanism();
     mechanism.setType("ANR");
 
-    return new ExceptionMechanismException(mechanism, error, error.getThread(), true);
+    return new ExceptionMechanismException(mechanism, error, thread, true);
   }
 
   @TestOnly