@@ -2,6 +2,11 @@
 
 ## Unreleased
 
+### Improvements
+
+- Support Navigation 3 integration for multi-Activity and multi-Fragment applications, where each Activity or Fragment has its own `SentryNavEffect` ([#6305](https://github.com/getsentry/sentry-java/pull/6305))
+  - See the [Navigation for Android docs](https://docs.sentry.io/platforms/android/integrations/navigation/#supported-setups) for a detailed list of supported vs unsupported app setups.
+
 ### Fixes
 
 - Always remove the first-draw listener after the first frame, even if no layout pass follows it ([#6152](https://github.com/getsentry/sentry-java/pull/6152))
 
@@ -111,11 +111,13 @@ androidx-core-ktx = { module = "androidx.core:core-ktx", version = "1.7.0" }
 androidx-fragment-ktx = { module = "androidx.fragment:fragment-ktx", version = "1.3.5" }
 androidx-lifecycle-common-java8 = { module = "androidx.lifecycle:lifecycle-common-java8", version.ref = "androidxLifecycle" }
 androidx-lifecycle-process = { module = "androidx.lifecycle:lifecycle-process", version.ref = "androidxLifecycle" }
+androidx-lifecycle-runtime-compose = { module = "androidx.lifecycle:lifecycle-runtime-compose", version = "2.8.3" }
 androidx-navigation-runtime = { module = "androidx.navigation:navigation-runtime", version.ref = "androidxNavigation" }
 androidx-navigation-compose = { module = "androidx.navigation:navigation-compose", version.ref = "androidxNavigation" }
 androidx-navigation-fragment = { module = "androidx.navigation:navigation-fragment-ktx", version.ref = "androidxNavigation" }
 androidx-navigation3-runtime = { module = "androidx.navigation3:navigation3-runtime", version.ref = "androidxNavigation3" }
 androidx-navigation3-ui = { module = "androidx.navigation3:navigation3-ui", version.ref = "androidxNavigation3" }
+androidx-viewpager2 = { module = "androidx.viewpager2:viewpager2", version = "1.1.0" }
 androidx-room-compiler = { module = "androidx.room:room-compiler", version.ref = "room2" }
 androidx-room-ktx = { module = "androidx.room:room-ktx", version.ref = "room2" }
 androidx-room-runtime = { module = "androidx.room:room-runtime", version.ref = "room2" }
 
@@ -9,4 +9,4 @@ Because Nav3 back stacks can have arbitrary key types, host apps need to provide
 keys and the data Sentry should display for each (see `BackStackEntryMapper`).
 
 See the [Navigation for Android docs](https://docs.sentry.io/platforms/android/integrations/navigation/) for additional details, including
-installation, configuration, and limitations.
+configuration, supported setups, and limitations.
@@ -60,12 +60,15 @@ kotlin { explicitApi() }
 
 dependencies {
   implementation(projects.sentry)
+  implementation(libs.androidx.lifecycle.runtime.compose)
 
   compileOnly(libs.androidx.compose.runtime)
 
   testImplementation(libs.androidx.compose.ui.test.junit4)
+  testImplementation(libs.androidx.fragment.ktx)
   testImplementation(libs.androidx.test.core)
   testImplementation(libs.androidx.test.ext.junit)
+  testImplementation(libs.androidx.viewpager2)
   testImplementation(libs.google.truth)
   testImplementation(libs.mockito.core)
   testImplementation(libs.mockito.kotlin)
 
@@ -395,7 +395,9 @@ internal data class NormalizedSentryBackStackEntry(
   val name: String,
   /** Sanitized [SentryBackStackEntry.arguments] (i.e., bounded in size and depth). */
   val arguments: Map<String, Any?> = emptyMap(),
-  /** The reason why the SDK dropped host-provided arguments. */
+  /**
+   * The reason why the SDK dropped host-provided arguments, or null if no arguments were dropped.
+   */
   val argumentDropReason: ArgumentDropReason? = null,
 ) {
 
 
@@ -2,20 +2,21 @@ package io.sentry.compose.navigation3
 
 import io.sentry.Breadcrumb
 import io.sentry.Hint
-import io.sentry.IScope
-import io.sentry.IScopes
 import io.sentry.ITransaction
-import io.sentry.PropagationContext
 import io.sentry.SentryIntegrationPackageStorage
 import io.sentry.SentryLevel.DEBUG
 import io.sentry.SentryLevel.INFO
+import io.sentry.SentryOptions
 import io.sentry.SpanStatus
 import io.sentry.TransactionContext
 import io.sentry.TransactionOptions
 import io.sentry.compose.navigation3.BackStackConverter.RetentionPolicy
 import io.sentry.compose.navigation3.PreparedChange.BackStackHasNewTop
 import io.sentry.compose.navigation3.PreparedChange.BackStackHasSameTop
 import io.sentry.compose.navigation3.PreparedChange.BackStackIsEmpty
+import io.sentry.compose.navigation3.lifecycle.INavScope
+import io.sentry.compose.navigation3.lifecycle.INavScopes
+import io.sentry.compose.navigation3.lifecycle.NAVIGATION_CONTEXT_KEY
 import io.sentry.protocol.App
 import io.sentry.protocol.TransactionNameSource
 import io.sentry.util.IntegrationUtils.addIntegrationToSdkVersion
@@ -47,10 +48,11 @@ private const val NAVIGATION_OP: String = "navigation"
  * **Thread safety**
  *
  * This class is ***not*** thread-safe. Clients should serialize calls to [onBackStackChanged] and
- * [cleanup] (e.g., via invocation from an `*Effect` or another form of thread confinement).
+ * [dispose] (e.g., via invocation from an `*Effect` or another form of thread confinement).
  */
+@Suppress("TooManyFunctions")
 internal class BackStackObserver<T : Any>(
-  private val scopes: IScopes,
+  private val scopes: INavScopes,
   private val options: SentryNavOptions,
   entryMapper: ForwardingBackStackEntryMapper<T>,
 ) {
@@ -110,23 +112,14 @@ internal class BackStackObserver<T : Any>(
     scopes.configureScope { scope -> applyChange(scope, change) }
   }
 
-  internal fun cleanup() {
-    previousTop = null
-    previousTopNormalized = null
-
-    scopes.configureScope { scope ->
-      navTransaction.stop(scope)
-      navScreen.clear(scope)
-
-      if (options.captureBackStack) {
-        // This observer owns the nav context while it's in the composition, and cleanup removes
-        // it to avoid leaking stale back stack data after observation stops. If the host app
-        // replaces one observer with another, there may be a brief gap where events lack nav
-        // context. Apps should keep the observer at the nav root so cleanup only runs when the
-        // navigation session is ending, not during normal destination changes.
-        navContext.clear(scope)
-      }
-    }
+  /**
+   * Clears the nav data this observer recorded.
+   *
+   * Call it when observation ends so that no stale screen, nav context, or nav transaction outlives
+   * it.
+   */
+  internal fun dispose() {
+    scopes.configureScope { scope -> tearDown(scope) }
   }
 
   private fun prepareChange(backStack: List<T>): PreparedChange<T> {
@@ -140,7 +133,7 @@ internal class BackStackObserver<T : Any>(
     }
   }
 
-  private fun applyChange(scope: IScope, change: PreparedChange<T>) {
+  private fun applyChange(scope: INavScope, change: PreparedChange<T>) {
     when (change) {
       is BackStackIsEmpty -> handleEmptyBackStack(scope)
       is BackStackHasNewTop -> handleNewTop(scope, change.previousTop, change.backStack)
@@ -185,7 +178,7 @@ internal class BackStackObserver<T : Any>(
   }
 
   private fun handleNewTop(
-    scope: IScope,
+    scope: INavScope,
     previousTop: NormalizedSentryBackStackEntry?,
     currentBackStack: BackStackData<T>,
   ) {
@@ -212,23 +205,19 @@ internal class BackStackObserver<T : Any>(
         )
         ?.let { transaction -> navContext.updateTransaction(transaction, scope, currentBackStack) }
     } else {
-      // Rotate the propagation context.
-      scope.withPropagationContext { scope.setPropagationContext(PropagationContext()) }
+      scope.rotatePropagationContext()
     }
 
     storeAsPreviousTop(currentBackStack.topEntry, currentBackStack.topEntryNormalized)
   }
 
-  private fun handleSameTop(scope: IScope, backStack: BackStackData<T>) {
+  private fun handleSameTop(scope: INavScope, backStack: BackStackData<T>) {
     navContext.update(scope, backStack.capturedEntriesNormalized)
     storeAsPreviousTop(backStack.topEntry, backStack.topEntryNormalized)
   }
 
-  private fun handleEmptyBackStack(scope: IScope) {
-    navTransaction.stop(scope)
-    navContext.clear(scope)
-    navScreen.clear(scope)
-    clearPreviousTop()
+  private fun handleEmptyBackStack(scope: INavScope) {
+    tearDown(scope)
   }
 
   private fun storeAsPreviousTop(topEntry: T, topEntryNormalized: NormalizedSentryBackStackEntry) {
@@ -240,12 +229,19 @@ internal class BackStackObserver<T : Any>(
     previousTop = null
     previousTopNormalized = null
   }
+
+  private fun tearDown(scope: INavScope) {
+    navTransaction.stop(scope)
+    navContext.clear(scope)
+    navScreen.clear(scope)
+    clearPreviousTop()
+  }
 }
 
 /**
  * A model for applying one back stack update.
  *
- * Lets us separate change preparation from its application so that the [IScopes.configureScope]
+ * Lets us separate change preparation from its application so that the [INavScopes.configureScope]
  * callback in charge of application can use already-computed navigation state. Otherwise, any
  * exceptions thrown during state computation would be swallowed by `configureScope`'s over-broad
  * `catch` clause.
@@ -281,7 +277,7 @@ private data class BackStackData<T>(
 )
 
 /** A helper class for managing nav transactions. */
-private class NavTransaction(private val scopes: IScopes) {
+private class NavTransaction(private val scopes: INavScopes) {
 
   private companion object {
     private const val TRANSACTION_ORIGIN = "auto.navigation.nav3"
@@ -291,11 +287,11 @@ private class NavTransaction(private val scopes: IScopes) {
 
   /** Starts an idle navigation transaction, or no-ops if another transaction is already active. */
   fun start(
-    scope: IScope,
+    scope: INavScope,
     name: String,
     arguments: Map<String, Any?>,
   ): ITransaction? {
-    clearTransactionIfFinished(scope)
+    scope.clearFinishedTransaction()
 
     if (scope.transaction != null) {
       scopes.options.logger.log(
@@ -323,6 +319,7 @@ private class NavTransaction(private val scopes: IScopes) {
         transactionOptions,
       )
 
+    // Not an error: INavScopes.startTransaction may decline to start a transaction by design.
     if (transaction.isNoOp) {
       return null
     }
@@ -335,61 +332,39 @@ private class NavTransaction(private val scopes: IScopes) {
       }
     }
 
-    scope.withTransaction { tx ->
-      if (tx == null) {
-        scope.transaction = transaction
-      }
-    }
+    scope.bindTransaction(transaction)
 
     return transaction
   }
 
   /** Finishes and unsets the active navigation transaction, if one exists. */
-  fun stop(scope: IScope) {
+  fun stop(scope: INavScope) {
     val transaction = activeNavTransaction ?: return
     val status = transaction.status ?: SpanStatus.OK
     transaction.finish(status)
-
-    scope.withTransaction { tx ->
-      if (tx == transaction) {
-        scope.clearTransaction()
-      }
-    }
-
+    scope.unbindTransaction(transaction)
     activeNavTransaction = null
   }
-
-  /** Clears a stale finished transaction that's still bound to the default scope. */
-  private fun clearTransactionIfFinished(scope: IScope) {
-    scope.withTransaction { tx ->
-      if (tx?.isFinished == true) {
-        scope.clearTransaction()
-      }
-    }
-  }
 }
 
 /** A helper class for updating [nav context][NAVIGATION_CONTEXT_KEY]. */
-private class NavContext(private val scopes: IScopes, private val options: SentryNavOptions) {
+private class NavContext(private val scopes: INavScopes, private val options: SentryNavOptions) {
 
   private companion object {
     private const val BACKSTACK_KEY = "Back Stack"
-    private const val NAVIGATION_CONTEXT_KEY = "Navigation"
   }
 
-  fun update(scope: IScope, backStackEntries: List<NormalizedSentryBackStackEntry>) {
+  fun update(scope: INavScope, backStackEntries: List<NormalizedSentryBackStackEntry>) {
     if (backStackEntries.isEmpty()) {
       clear(scope)
       return
     }
 
-    scope.setContexts(NAVIGATION_CONTEXT_KEY, backStackEntries.toBackStackMap())
+    scope.setNavigationContext(backStackEntries.toBackStackMap())
   }
 
-  fun clear(scope: IScope) {
-    // We purposefully don't call IScope.removeContexts(), as it doesn't notify IScopeObserver and
-    // therefore doesn't write its updates to disk ¯\_ (ツ)_/¯.
-    scope.setContexts(NAVIGATION_CONTEXT_KEY, null as Any?)
+  fun clear(scope: INavScope) {
+    scope.setNavigationContext(null)
   }
 
   /**
@@ -403,12 +378,11 @@ private class NavContext(private val scopes: IScopes, private val options: Sentr
    */
   fun <T : Any> updateTransaction(
     transaction: ITransaction,
-    scope: IScope,
+    scope: INavScope,
     backStack: BackStackData<T>,
   ) {
     if (scopes.options.isEnableScreenTracking) {
-      val appContext =
-        transaction.contexts.app ?: io.sentry.protocol.Contexts(scope.contexts).app ?: App()
+      val appContext = transaction.contexts.app ?: scope.app ?: App()
 
       appContext.viewNames = listOf(backStack.topEntryNormalized.name)
       transaction.contexts.setApp(appContext)
@@ -432,12 +406,12 @@ private class NavScreen {
 
   private var lastScreenName: String? = null
 
-  fun update(scope: IScope, currentEntry: NormalizedSentryBackStackEntry) {
+  fun update(scope: INavScope, currentEntry: NormalizedSentryBackStackEntry) {
     scope.screen = currentEntry.name
     lastScreenName = currentEntry.name
   }
 
-  fun clear(scope: IScope) {
+  fun clear(scope: INavScope) {
     val screenName = lastScreenName ?: return
     if (scope.screen == screenName) {
       scope.screen = null
@@ -447,7 +421,7 @@ private class NavScreen {
 }
 
 /** A helper class for generating nav breadcrumbs. */
-private class NavBreadcrumbs(private val scopes: IScopes) {
+private class NavBreadcrumbs(private val scopes: INavScopes) {
 
   fun emit(fromEntry: NormalizedSentryBackStackEntry?, toEntry: NormalizedSentryBackStackEntry) {
     val breadcrumb =
 
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+package io.sentry.compose.navigation3
+
+import androidx.lifecycle.Lifecycle
+import androidx.lifecycle.LifecycleEventObserver
+import io.sentry.IScope
+import io.sentry.IScopes
+import io.sentry.compose.navigation3.lifecycle.NavLeaseCoordinator
+import io.sentry.compose.navigation3.lifecycle.NavScopes
+
+/**
+ * A [BackStackObserver] whose updates to a shared mutable [IScope] are coordinated with other
+ * `BackStackObserver`s.
+ *
+ * Coordination is achieved via [NavScopes].
+ *
+ * **Usage**
+ *
+ * Call [attach] before the first [onBackStackChanged], and call [dispose] when observation ends.
+ *
+ * Instances targeting the same [IScope] must be created with the same [NavLeaseCoordinator].
+ *
+ * **Thread safety**
+ *
+ * This class is ***not*** thread-safe. Invocations should be confined to the same thread as the
+ * [LifecycleEventObserver] callbacks implemented by [NavScopes].
+ */
+internal class CoordinatedBackStackObserver<T : Any>(
+  scopes: IScopes,
+  options: SentryNavOptions,
+  entryMapper: ForwardingBackStackEntryMapper<T>,
+  coordinator: NavLeaseCoordinator,
+) {
+
+  private val navScopes = NavScopes(scopes, coordinator)
+  private val observer = BackStackObserver(navScopes, options, entryMapper)
+
+  fun attach(lifecycle: Lifecycle) {
+    navScopes.attach(lifecycle)
+  }
+
+  fun onBackStackChanged(backStack: List<T>) {
+    navScopes.onBackStackUpdate()
+    observer.onBackStackChanged(backStack)
+  }
+
+  fun dispose() {
+    // Call disposal on both the observer and navScopes in case their (currently overlapping)
+    // implementations drift over time.
+    observer.dispose()
+    navScopes.dispose()
+  }
+}
+
+/** The [NavLeaseCoordinator] shared by default by all [SentryNavEffect]s. */
+internal val defaultNavLeaseCoordinator: NavLeaseCoordinator = NavLeaseCoordinator()