feat: externalize hoisting exercise

Keep the localized exercise definitions in one Markdown file per locale while preserving their exact placement in the article through stable references. Register the nested exercise source so translation drift can be tracked independently from the surrounding answer.

Author: yangshun

langnostic.config.ts

@@ -17,6 +17,10 @@ export default {
           source: './questions/*/en-US.mdx',
           target: './questions/*/{locale}.mdx',
         },
+        {
+          source: './questions/*/exercises/en-US.mdx',
+          target: './questions/*/exercises/{locale}.mdx',
+        },
       ],
     },
   ],

questions/explain-hoisting/en-US.mdx

@@ -171,41 +171,7 @@ var expressed = function () {
 };
 ```
 
-<KnowledgeCheck id="function-declaration-vs-expression" type="single-select">
-  <KnowledgeCheck.Prompt>
-    What happens when this code runs?
-
-    ```js
-    console.log(declared());
-    console.log(expressed());
-
-    function declared() {
-      return 'function declaration';
-    }
-
-    var expressed = function () {
-      return 'function expression';
-    };
-    ```
-
-  </KnowledgeCheck.Prompt>
-  <KnowledgeCheck.Option value="both-log-values">
-    Both strings are logged successfully.
-  </KnowledgeCheck.Option>
-  <KnowledgeCheck.Option value="declaration-then-type-error" correct>
-    `'function declaration'` is logged, then calling `expressed` throws a
-    `TypeError`.
-  </KnowledgeCheck.Option>
-  <KnowledgeCheck.Option value="reference-error-before-output">
-    A `ReferenceError` is thrown before anything is logged.
-  </KnowledgeCheck.Option>
-  <KnowledgeCheck.Explanation>
-    Function declarations are initialized with their function body before
-    execution. The `var expressed` binding is also available, but its function
-    assignment has not run yet, so its value is `undefined` and calling it
-    throws a `TypeError`.
-  </KnowledgeCheck.Explanation>
-</KnowledgeCheck>
+<Exercise id="function-declaration-vs-expression" />
 
 - `declared()` returns `'function declaration'`. Function declarations are fully hoisted — both the identifier binding and the function body are available from the top of the scope.
 - `expressed()` throws `TypeError: expressed is not a function`. The `var expressed` binding is hoisted and initialized to `undefined`, but the assignment of the function expression happens at its source location. Calling `undefined()` produces the `TypeError`.

questions/explain-hoisting/exercises/en-US.langnostic.json

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+{
+  "frontmatter": {},
+  "content": {
+    "source": {
+      "locale": "en-US",
+      "hashes": [
+        "1b07636e",
+        "5f3262df",
+        "b43e524d",
+        "302b635a",
+        "5657b6fa",
+        "d6807ecb",
+        "2deb5771",
+        "da047d97"
+      ]
+    },
+    "targets": {
+      "zh-CN": [
+        "1b07636e",
+        "5f3262df",
+        "b43e524d",
+        "302b635a",
+        "5657b6fa",
+        "d6807ecb",
+        "2deb5771",
+        "da047d97"
+      ]
+    }
+  }
+}

questions/explain-hoisting/exercises/en-US.mdx

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+## function-declaration-vs-expression [single-select]
+
+### Prompt
+
+What happens when this code runs?
+
+```js
+console.log(declared());
+console.log(expressed());
+
+function declared() {
+  return 'function declaration';
+}
+
+var expressed = function () {
+  return 'function expression';
+};
+```
+
+### Options
+
+- [ ] `both-log-values`: Both strings are logged successfully.
+- [x] `declaration-then-type-error`: `'function declaration'` is logged, then calling `expressed` throws a `TypeError`.
+- [ ] `reference-error-before-output`: A `ReferenceError` is thrown before anything is logged.
+
+### Explanation
+
+Function declarations are initialized with their function body before execution. The `var expressed` binding is also available, but its function assignment has not run yet, so its value is `undefined` and calling it throws a `TypeError`.

questions/explain-hoisting/exercises/pt-BR.mdx

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+## function-declaration-vs-expression [single-select]
+
+### Prompt
+
+O que acontece quando este código é executado?
+
+```js
+console.log(declared());
+console.log(expressed());
+
+function declared() {
+  return 'function declaration';
+}
+
+var expressed = function () {
+  return 'function expression';
+};
+```
+
+### Options
+
+- [ ] `both-log-values`: As duas strings são exibidas normalmente.
+- [x] `declaration-then-type-error`: `'function declaration'` é exibido e, em seguida, chamar `expressed` lança um `TypeError`.
+- [ ] `reference-error-before-output`: Um `ReferenceError` é lançado antes de qualquer saída.
+
+### Explanation
+
+Declarações de função são inicializadas com o corpo da função antes da execução. A associação `var expressed` também existe, mas a atribuição da função ainda não ocorreu. Portanto, seu valor é `undefined` e chamá-la lança um `TypeError`.

questions/explain-hoisting/exercises/zh-CN.mdx

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+## function-declaration-vs-expression [single-select]
+
+### Prompt
+
+运行以下代码时会发生什么？
+
+```js
+console.log(declared());
+console.log(expressed());
+
+function declared() {
+  return 'function declaration';
+}
+
+var expressed = function () {
+  return 'function expression';
+};
+```
+
+### Options
+
+- [ ] `both-log-values`: 两个字符串都会正常输出。
+- [x] `declaration-then-type-error`: 先输出 `'function declaration'`，然后调用 `expressed` 时抛出 `TypeError`。
+- [ ] `reference-error-before-output`: 在输出任何内容之前抛出 `ReferenceError`。
+
+### Explanation
+
+执行代码前，函数声明已经用函数体完成初始化。`var expressed` 绑定也已存在，但函数赋值尚未执行，因此其值为 `undefined`，调用它会抛出 `TypeError`。

questions/explain-hoisting/pt-BR.mdx

@@ -32,41 +32,7 @@ var bar = function () {
 console.log(bar); // [Function: bar]
 ```
 
-<KnowledgeCheck id="function-declaration-vs-expression" type="single-select">
-  <KnowledgeCheck.Prompt>
-    O que acontece quando este código é executado?
-
-    ```js
-    console.log(declared());
-    console.log(expressed());
-
-    function declared() {
-      return 'function declaration';
-    }
-
-    var expressed = function () {
-      return 'function expression';
-    };
-    ```
-
-  </KnowledgeCheck.Prompt>
-  <KnowledgeCheck.Option value="both-log-values">
-    As duas strings são exibidas normalmente.
-  </KnowledgeCheck.Option>
-  <KnowledgeCheck.Option value="declaration-then-type-error" correct>
-    `'function declaration'` é exibido e, em seguida, chamar `expressed` lança
-    um `TypeError`.
-  </KnowledgeCheck.Option>
-  <KnowledgeCheck.Option value="reference-error-before-output">
-    Um `ReferenceError` é lançado antes de qualquer saída.
-  </KnowledgeCheck.Option>
-  <KnowledgeCheck.Explanation>
-    Declarações de função são inicializadas com o corpo da função antes da
-    execução. A associação `var expressed` também existe, mas a atribuição da
-    função ainda não ocorreu. Portanto, seu valor é `undefined` e chamá-la lança
-    um `TypeError`.
-  </KnowledgeCheck.Explanation>
-</KnowledgeCheck>
+<Exercise id="function-declaration-vs-expression" />
 
 Variáveis declaradas via `let` e `const` também sofrem o hoisted. No entanto, ao contrário de `var` e `function`, eles não são inicializados e acessá-los antes que a declaração resulte em uma exceção `ReferenceError`. A variável está em uma "zona temporária morta" desde o início do bloco até que a declaração seja processada.
 

questions/explain-hoisting/zh-CN.mdx

@@ -104,40 +104,7 @@ function foo() {
 }
 ```
 
-<KnowledgeCheck id="function-declaration-vs-expression" type="single-select">
-  <KnowledgeCheck.Prompt>
-    运行以下代码时会发生什么？
-
-    ```js
-    console.log(declared());
-    console.log(expressed());
-
-    function declared() {
-      return 'function declaration';
-    }
-
-    var expressed = function () {
-      return 'function expression';
-    };
-    ```
-
-  </KnowledgeCheck.Prompt>
-  <KnowledgeCheck.Option value="both-log-values">
-    两个字符串都会正常输出。
-  </KnowledgeCheck.Option>
-  <KnowledgeCheck.Option value="declaration-then-type-error" correct>
-    先输出 `'function declaration'`，然后调用 `expressed` 时抛出
-    `TypeError`。
-  </KnowledgeCheck.Option>
-  <KnowledgeCheck.Option value="reference-error-before-output">
-    在输出任何内容之前抛出 `ReferenceError`。
-  </KnowledgeCheck.Option>
-  <KnowledgeCheck.Explanation>
-    执行代码前，函数声明已经用函数体完成初始化。`var expressed`
-    绑定也已存在，但函数赋值尚未执行，因此其值为 `undefined`，调用它会抛出
-    `TypeError`。
-  </KnowledgeCheck.Explanation>
-</KnowledgeCheck>
+<Exercise id="function-declaration-vs-expression" />
 
 这同样适用于生成器 (`function*`)、异步函数 (`async function`) 和异步函数生成器 (`async function*`)。