diff --git a/app/Http/Kernel.php b/app/Http/Kernel.php
index 1b4e26054889..26bda6c84a46 100644
--- a/app/Http/Kernel.php
+++ b/app/Http/Kernel.php
@@ -1,119 +1,12 @@
 <?php
 
-namespace App\Http;
-
-use App\Http\Middleware\CheckColorSettings;
-use App\Http\Middleware\CheckForDebug;
-use App\Http\Middleware\CheckForSetup;
-use App\Http\Middleware\CheckForTwoFactor;
-use App\Http\Middleware\CheckLocale;
-use App\Http\Middleware\CheckPermissions;
-use App\Http\Middleware\CheckUserIsActivated;
-use App\Http\Middleware\EncryptCookies;
-use App\Http\Middleware\EnforceApiTwoFactorEnrollment;
-use App\Http\Middleware\EnforceApiUserAgent;
-use App\Http\Middleware\IssueFreshApiTokenIfTwoFactorComplete;
-use App\Http\Middleware\LogAuthedUserHeader;
-use App\Http\Middleware\NoSessionStore;
-use App\Http\Middleware\PreventBackHistory;
-use App\Http\Middleware\RedirectIfAuthenticated;
-use App\Http\Middleware\SecurityHeaders;
-use App\Http\Middleware\SetAPIResponseHeaders;
-use App\Http\Middleware\SetPaginationDefaults;
-use App\Http\Middleware\TrimStrings;
-use App\Http\Middleware\TrustProxies;
-use App\Http\Middleware\VerifyCsrfToken;
-use Illuminate\Auth\Middleware\Authenticate;
-use Illuminate\Auth\Middleware\AuthenticateWithBasicAuth;
-use Illuminate\Auth\Middleware\Authorize;
-use Illuminate\Cookie\Middleware\AddQueuedCookiesToResponse;
-use Illuminate\Foundation\Http\Kernel as HttpKernel;
-use Illuminate\Foundation\Http\Middleware\ConvertEmptyStringsToNull;
-use Illuminate\Foundation\Http\Middleware\InvokeDeferredCallbacks;
-use Illuminate\Foundation\Http\Middleware\PreventRequestsDuringMaintenance;
-use Illuminate\Http\Middleware\HandleCors;
-use Illuminate\Routing\Middleware\SubstituteBindings;
-use Illuminate\Routing\Middleware\ThrottleRequests;
-use Illuminate\Session\Middleware\AuthenticateSession;
-use Illuminate\Session\Middleware\StartSession;
-use Illuminate\View\Middleware\ShareErrorsFromSession;
-
-class Kernel extends HttpKernel
-{
-    /**
-     * The application's global HTTP middleware stack.
-     *
-     * These middleware are run during every request to your application.
-     *
-     * @var array
-     */
-    protected $middleware = [
-        TrustProxies::class,
-        NoSessionStore::class,
-        PreventRequestsDuringMaintenance::class,
-        StartSession::class,
-        ShareErrorsFromSession::class,
-        CheckForSetup::class,
-        CheckForDebug::class,
-        ConvertEmptyStringsToNull::class,
-        TrimStrings::class,
-        SecurityHeaders::class,
-        PreventBackHistory::class,
-        HandleCors::class,
-        InvokeDeferredCallbacks::class,
-
-    ];
-
-    /**
-     * The application's route middleware groups.
-     *
-     * @var array
-     */
-    protected $middlewareGroups = [
-        'web' => [
-            EncryptCookies::class,
-            AddQueuedCookiesToResponse::class,
-            VerifyCsrfToken::class,
-            CheckLocale::class,
-            CheckUserIsActivated::class,
-            CheckForTwoFactor::class,
-            IssueFreshApiTokenIfTwoFactorComplete::class,
-            CheckColorSettings::class,
-            AuthenticateSession::class,
-            SubstituteBindings::class,
-        ],
-
-        'api' => [
-            'auth:api',
-            CheckUserIsActivated::class,
-            EnforceApiTwoFactorEnrollment::class,
-            EnforceApiUserAgent::class,
-            CheckLocale::class,
-            LogAuthedUserHeader::class,
-            SetPaginationDefaults::class,
-            SubstituteBindings::class,
-        ],
-
-        'health' => [
-
-        ],
-    ];
-
-    /**
-     * The application's route middleware.
-     *
-     * These middleware may be assigned to groups or used individually.
-     *
-     * @var array
-     */
-    protected $routeMiddleware = [
-        'auth' => Authenticate::class,
-        'authorize' => CheckPermissions::class,
-        'auth.basic' => AuthenticateWithBasicAuth::class,
-        'can' => Authorize::class,
-        'guest' => RedirectIfAuthenticated::class,
-        'throttle' => ThrottleRequests::class,
-        'api-throttle' => SetAPIResponseHeaders::class,
-        'health' => null,
-    ];
-}
+/*
+ * This file isn't in use any more, and its use is discouraged in the Laravel world.
+ *
+ * Now, instead, you should go look at bootstrap/app.php
+ *
+ *
+ *
+ *
+ *
+ */
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/app/Http/Middleware/TrimStrings.php b/app/Http/Middleware/TrimStrings.php
deleted file mode 100644
index a8a252df4c0a..000000000000
--- a/app/Http/Middleware/TrimStrings.php
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,19 +0,0 @@
-<?php
-
-namespace App\Http\Middleware;
-
-use Illuminate\Foundation\Http\Middleware\TrimStrings as Middleware;
-
-class TrimStrings extends Middleware
-{
-    /**
-     * The names of the attributes that should not be trimmed.
-     *
-     * @var array
-     */
-    protected $except = [
-        'current_password',
-        'password',
-        'password_confirmation',
-    ];
-}
diff --git a/app/Http/Middleware/TrustHosts.php b/app/Http/Middleware/TrustHosts.php
deleted file mode 100644
index b0550cfc7c61..000000000000
--- a/app/Http/Middleware/TrustHosts.php
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,20 +0,0 @@
-<?php
-
-namespace App\Http\Middleware;
-
-use Illuminate\Http\Middleware\TrustHosts as Middleware;
-
-class TrustHosts extends Middleware
-{
-    /**
-     * Get the host patterns that should be trusted.
-     *
-     * @return array
-     */
-    public function hosts()
-    {
-        return [
-            $this->allSubdomainsOfApplicationUrl(),
-        ];
-    }
-}
diff --git a/app/Http/Middleware/TrustProxies.php b/app/Http/Middleware/TrustProxies.php
index cff6c1d8dcfd..9093b505b401 100644
--- a/app/Http/Middleware/TrustProxies.php
+++ b/app/Http/Middleware/TrustProxies.php
@@ -55,4 +55,4 @@ protected function headers()
     {
         return $this->headerBitmask;
     }
-}
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bootstrap/app.php b/bootstrap/app.php
index f2801adf6f14..ef3aa30aec7a 100644
--- a/bootstrap/app.php
+++ b/bootstrap/app.php
@@ -1,36 +1,123 @@
 <?php
 
-/*
-|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
-| Create The Application
-|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
-|
-| The first thing we will do is create a new Laravel application instance
-| which serves as the "glue" for all the components of Laravel, and is
-| the IoC container for the system binding all of the various parts.
-|
-*/
-
-$app = new Illuminate\Foundation\Application(
-    realpath(__DIR__.'/../')
-);
+use App\Http\Middleware\CheckColorSettings;
+use App\Http\Middleware\CheckForDebug;
+use App\Http\Middleware\CheckForSetup;
+use App\Http\Middleware\CheckForTwoFactor;
+use App\Http\Middleware\CheckLocale;
+use App\Http\Middleware\CheckPermissions;
+use App\Http\Middleware\CheckUserIsActivated;
+use App\Http\Middleware\EncryptCookies;
+use App\Http\Middleware\EnforceApiTwoFactorEnrollment;
+use App\Http\Middleware\EnforceApiUserAgent;
+use App\Http\Middleware\IssueFreshApiTokenIfTwoFactorComplete;
+use App\Http\Middleware\LogAuthedUserHeader;
+use App\Http\Middleware\NoSessionStore;
+use App\Http\Middleware\PreventBackHistory;
+use App\Http\Middleware\SecurityHeaders;
+use App\Http\Middleware\SetAPIResponseHeaders;
+use App\Http\Middleware\SetPaginationDefaults;
+use App\Http\Middleware\TrustProxies;
+use App\Http\Middleware\VerifyCsrfToken;
+use Illuminate\Auth\Middleware\Authenticate;
+use Illuminate\Auth\Middleware\AuthenticateWithBasicAuth;
+use Illuminate\Auth\Middleware\Authorize;
+use Illuminate\Auth\Middleware\RedirectIfAuthenticated;
+use Illuminate\Cookie\Middleware\AddQueuedCookiesToResponse;
+use Illuminate\Foundation\Application;
+use Illuminate\Foundation\Configuration\Middleware;
+use Illuminate\Http\Request;
+use Illuminate\Routing\Middleware\SubstituteBindings;
+use Illuminate\Routing\Middleware\ThrottleRequests;
+use Illuminate\Session\Middleware\AuthenticateSession;
+use Illuminate\Session\Middleware\StartSession;
+use Illuminate\View\Middleware\ShareErrorsFromSession;
 
-/*
-|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
-| Bind Important Interfaces
-|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
-|
-| Next, we need to bind some important interfaces into the container so
-| we will be able to resolve them when needed. The kernels serve the
-| incoming requests to this application from both the web and CLI.
-|
-*/
+$app = Application::configure(basePath: dirname(__DIR__))
+    // Auto-discovers plain handle()-style listeners in app/Listeners (e.g. LogSuccessfulLogin,
+    // LogFailedLogin). Subscriber-pattern listeners (LogListener, FulfillCheckoutRequestListener,
+    // CheckoutableListener, CheckoutablesCheckedOutInBulkListener) are unaffected - discovery has
+    // no concept of subscribers - and stay registered via $subscribe in
+    // App\Providers\EventServiceProvider (config/app.php), which is otherwise untouched.
+    ->withEvents(false)
+    ->withMiddleware(function (Middleware $middleware) {
+        // --- Global stack ---
+        // ValidatePathEncoding, InvokeDeferredCallbacks, *NOT* TrustProxies, HandleCors,
+        // PreventRequestsDuringMaintenance, ValidatePostSize, ConvertEmptyStringsToNull
+        // all come from Laravel's own defaults now, so future additions there show up
+        // automatically. Only Snipe-IT's own additions are listed explicitly below.
+        $middleware->trustHosts();
+        $middleware->prepend(TrustProxies::class);
+        // this was overridden, inherits from the parents but makes some changes.
+        // to keep this change small enough, we keep it for now
+        $middleware->trimStrings(except: [
+            'current_password',
+            'password',
+            'password_confirmation',
+        ]);
 
-$app->singleton(
-    Illuminate\Contracts\Http\Kernel::class,
-    App\Http\Kernel::class
-);
+        // Order matters: NoSessionStore must run before StartSession (it may force
+        // the array session driver for /health); CheckForSetup/CheckForDebug need
+        // the session/auth state StartSession sets up. These run globally (not just
+        // in the 'web' group) because /health uses Route::withoutMiddleware(['web'])
+        // and still needs them.
+        $middleware->append([
+            NoSessionStore::class,
+            StartSession::class,
+            ShareErrorsFromSession::class,
+            CheckForSetup::class,
+            CheckForDebug::class,
+            SecurityHeaders::class,
+            PreventBackHistory::class,
+        ]);
+
+        // --- Groups (explicit, not merged with Laravel's group defaults: Snipe-IT's
+        // web/api groups intentionally diverge - e.g. StartSession/ShareErrorsFromSession
+        // are global instead of web-group-only, and VerifyCsrfToken is a custom subclass
+        // incompatible with the new validateCsrfTokens() helper) ---
+        $middleware->group('web', [
+            EncryptCookies::class,
+            AddQueuedCookiesToResponse::class,
+            VerifyCsrfToken::class,
+            CheckLocale::class,
+            CheckUserIsActivated::class,
+            CheckForTwoFactor::class,
+            IssueFreshApiTokenIfTwoFactorComplete::class,
+            CheckColorSettings::class,
+            AuthenticateSession::class,
+            SubstituteBindings::class,
+        ]);
 
+        $middleware->group('api', [
+            'auth:api',
+            CheckUserIsActivated::class,
+            EnforceApiTwoFactorEnrollment::class,
+            EnforceApiUserAgent::class,
+            CheckLocale::class,
+            LogAuthedUserHeader::class,
+            SetPaginationDefaults::class,
+            SubstituteBindings::class,
+        ]);
+
+        $middleware->group('health', []);
+
+        $middleware->alias([
+            'auth' => Authenticate::class,
+            'authorize' => CheckPermissions::class,
+            'auth.basic' => AuthenticateWithBasicAuth::class,
+            'can' => Authorize::class,
+            'guest' => RedirectIfAuthenticated::class,
+            'throttle' => ThrottleRequests::class,
+            'api-throttle' => SetAPIResponseHeaders::class,
+        ]);
+    })
+    ->create();
+
+// Keep Snipe-IT's own Console Kernel (custom schedule + command/route loading) and
+// Exception Handler (SCIM, 2FA, API-JSON rendering) instead of Laravel's closure-based
+// withSchedule()/withExceptions() APIs - there's no "silently missing default" risk for
+// either of these the way there was for HTTP middleware, so rewriting them adds risk
+// without fixing anything.
 $app->singleton(
     Illuminate\Contracts\Console\Kernel::class,
     App\Console\Kernel::class
@@ -41,15 +128,4 @@
     App\Exceptions\Handler::class
 );
 
-/*
-|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
-| Return The Application
-|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
-|
-| This script returns the application instance. The instance is given to
-| the calling script so we can separate the building of the instances
-| from the actual running of the application and sending responses.
-|
-*/
-
 return $app;