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perf(scratch): reuse Scratch buffers across encode() calls - #2261
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A set-associative cache keyed on the word bytes, plus a scratch pile reused across encode calls, so BPE, WordPiece and Unigram all stop re-tokenizing words they have already seen. Squashed from feat/bpe-cache-min, which also carries #2261 (perf(scratch): reuse Scratch buffers across encode() calls).
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lgtm and clean ty!
`PipelineTokenizer::encode` built a fresh scratch every call, so every encode started by asking the allocator for buffers the last one had just freed. They are now borrowed from a pool held by the tokenizer and handed back on drop. A tokenizer encodes through `&self`, so the pool has to cope with several threads being in it at once: it keeps a pile of scratches behind a mutex, taken and returned one at a time. The lock is only held while moving a scratch in or out, never while encoding. One thread encoding in a loop gets the same scratch every time; N threads encoding at once leave N behind for later calls to use. Nothing needs clearing between calls: every model empties the buffers it uses where it uses them (`merge_all` drains the merge queue, `merge_word` clears the word, WordPiece clears its candidate), which is already what makes one scratch safe across the many words of a single encode. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
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Squashed from 5 commits: - perf(scratch): reuse Scratch buffers across encode() calls (#2261) - feat: re-introduce pretokens scratch buffers (`thread_local`) (#2284) - perf(bpe): WordCache (#2262) - revert: rebase mishap, reintroduce scratch pool - feat: gate parallelism (#2295) Area: core-memory-allocation, core-parallelism Co-authored-by: Luc Georges <McPatate@users.noreply.github.com>
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PipelineTokenizer benchmark
10 / 10 models supported — PipelineTokenizer vs
tokenizersv0.23.1 (latest release) · ~10 kB inputs · add_special_tokens on · single thread + 1/2/4/8/max-thread sweep428973821 · 2026-08-04 22:59 UTC· Intel(R) Xeon(R) Platinum 8375C CPU @ 2.90GHz · 16 coresvs base branch (
f3bf3e820) — per-model geomean ×speedup of this PR's PipelineTokenizer against the base branch's; regressions in red.Decode
Round-trip: v0.23.1
encode_fastproduces the id streams (same fixtures,add_special_tokens=true); both implementations decode those SAME ids withskip_special_tokens=false. MB/s counts decoded text bytes.bert-base-uncased — normalizer-heavy WordPiece · ×4.94 vs v0.23.1 · ×1.42 vs base · decode pending
Memory (RSS MB, load+encode): v0.23.1 12+0 (peak 12) · Pipeline 8+0 (peak 17)
deepseek-v4 — deepseek 3-regex split-heavy byte-level BPE · ×4.46 vs v0.23.1 · ×1.25 vs base · decode pending
Memory (RSS MB, load+encode): v0.23.1 62+0 (peak 68) · Pipeline 82+0 (peak 82)
Pre-tokenize:
classify + fsmvs regex engines — ns/byte, lower better. The fsm is the scalar jump-table in both pipe columns; SIMD / scalar is the classify pass (regex pre-tokenizers have no SIMD fsm).×vs= engine ÷ our pipeline (SIMD / scalar classify);onig&pcre2(JIT) are C,fancyis pure-Rust fancy-regex,logosis a compile-time DFA lexer (approximate grammar; n/a for deepseek).gemma-4 — byte-fallback BPE, Metaspace-style split (gemma-4) · ×2.00 vs v0.23.1 · ×1.08 vs base · decode pending
Memory (RSS MB, load+encode): v0.23.1 304+0 (peak 371) · Pipeline 274+0 (peak 370)
gpt2 — gpt2 ByteLevel regex · ×8.60 vs v0.23.1 · ×0.99 vs base · decode pending
Memory (RSS MB, load+encode): v0.23.1 25+2 (peak 27) · Pipeline 27+0 (peak 28)
Pre-tokenize:
classify + fsmvs regex engines — ns/byte, lower better. The fsm is the scalar jump-table in both pipe columns; SIMD / scalar is the classify pass (regex pre-tokenizers have no SIMD fsm).×vs= engine ÷ our pipeline (SIMD / scalar classify);onig&pcre2(JIT) are C,fancyis pure-Rust fancy-regex,logosis a compile-time DFA lexer (approximate grammar; n/a for deepseek).gpt-oss — o200k-regex byte-level BPE (gpt-oss) · ×5.11 vs v0.23.1 · ×0.98 vs base · decode pending
Memory (RSS MB, load+encode): v0.23.1 241+0 (peak 315) · Pipeline 234+0 (peak 316)
Pre-tokenize:
classify + fsmvs regex engines — ns/byte, lower better. The fsm is the scalar jump-table in both pipe columns; SIMD / scalar is the classify pass (regex pre-tokenizers have no SIMD fsm).×vs= engine ÷ our pipeline (SIMD / scalar classify);onig&pcre2(JIT) are C,fancyis pure-Rust fancy-regex,logosis a compile-time DFA lexer (approximate grammar; n/a for deepseek).glm-5.2 — cl100k-variant regex byte-level BPE (glm-5.2) · ×6.67 vs v0.23.1 · ×0.98 vs base · decode pending
Memory (RSS MB, load+encode): v0.23.1 169+0 (peak 231) · Pipeline 170+0 (peak 231)
Pre-tokenize:
classify + fsmvs regex engines — ns/byte, lower better. The fsm is the scalar jump-table in both pipe columns; SIMD / scalar is the classify pass (regex pre-tokenizers have no SIMD fsm).×vs= engine ÷ our pipeline (SIMD / scalar classify);onig&pcre2(JIT) are C,fancyis pure-Rust fancy-regex,logosis a compile-time DFA lexer (approximate grammar; n/a for deepseek).llama-2 — model-bounded BPE, no pre-tokenizer · ×4.12 vs v0.23.1 · ×1.04 vs base · decode pending
Memory (RSS MB, load+encode): v0.23.1 18+0 (peak 23) · Pipeline 23+0 (peak 23)
llama-3 — cl100k-regex byte-level BPE (llama-3), single regex · ×7.01 vs v0.23.1 · ×0.93 vs base · decode pending
Memory (RSS MB, load+encode): v0.23.1 73+0 (peak 95) · Pipeline 93+0 (peak 95)
Pre-tokenize:
classify + fsmvs regex engines — ns/byte, lower better. The fsm is the scalar jump-table in both pipe columns; SIMD / scalar is the classify pass (regex pre-tokenizers have no SIMD fsm).×vs= engine ÷ our pipeline (SIMD / scalar classify);onig&pcre2(JIT) are C,fancyis pure-Rust fancy-regex,logosis a compile-time DFA lexer (approximate grammar; n/a for deepseek).mistral-small-4 — tekken byte-level BPE, 1k added specials (mistral-small-4) · ×6.12 vs v0.23.1 · ×0.89 vs base · decode pending
Memory (RSS MB, load+encode): v0.23.1 151+0 (peak 194) · Pipeline 109+0 (peak 195)
Pre-tokenize:
classify + fsmvs regex engines — ns/byte, lower better. The fsm is the scalar jump-table in both pipe columns; SIMD / scalar is the classify pass (regex pre-tokenizers have no SIMD fsm).×vs= engine ÷ our pipeline (SIMD / scalar classify);onig&pcre2(JIT) are C,fancyis pure-Rust fancy-regex,logosis a compile-time DFA lexer (approximate grammar; n/a for deepseek).t5-base — Unigram + Metaspace · ×2.51 vs v0.23.1 · ×0.94 vs base · decode pending
Memory (RSS MB, load+encode): v0.23.1 34+2 (peak 36) · Pipeline 61+1 (peak 66)