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Troubleshooting WordPress Servers

This section contains guides for diagnosing and resolving common issues with WordPress servers. While examples reference Trellis-managed servers, the diagnostic techniques and solutions apply to most WordPress hosting environments.

Guides

Guide Description
PHP-FPM.md Pool exhaustion, memory management, worker configuration
MariaDB.md Startup failures, plugin issues, connection problems
OOM.md Out of memory issues, WP-Cron memory leaks, PHP CLI limits
MAIL.md SMTP configuration issues after Trellis upgrades
MULTI-SITE-ADDITION.md Multi Site site addition debugging

Quick Diagnostic Commands

SSH to your server and run these commands to quickly assess server health.

System Memory

# Memory overview
free -h

# Top memory consumers
ps aux --sort=-%mem | head -10

PHP-FPM Workers

# Count active workers
pgrep -c php-fpm

# Memory usage per worker (replace 8.3 with your PHP version)
ps aux --sort=-%mem | grep 'php-fpm: pool' | head -5 | awk '{print $6/1024" MB - PID "$2}'

# Total PHP-FPM memory usage
ps aux | grep 'php-fpm: pool' | awk '{sum+=$6} END {print sum/1024" MB"}'

# Current pool configuration
cat /etc/php/8.3/fpm/pool.d/wordpress.conf | grep -E '^pm'

PHP-FPM Logs

# Recent warnings (replace 8.3 with your PHP version)
grep 'seems busy\|max_children' /var/log/php8.3-fpm.log | tail -20

# Watch logs in real-time
tail -f /var/log/php8.3-fpm.log

Nginx Logs

# Recent errors
tail -50 /var/log/nginx/error.log

# Site-specific errors
tail -50 /srv/www/example.com/logs/error.log

WordPress Diagnostics

# Check WordPress memory limits (run as web user)
cd /srv/www/example.com/current
wp eval 'echo "WP_MEMORY_LIMIT: " . WP_MEMORY_LIMIT . "\nWP_MAX_MEMORY_LIMIT: " . WP_MAX_MEMORY_LIMIT;' --path=web/wp

# Check autoloaded options size
wp db query "SELECT COUNT(*) as count, ROUND(SUM(LENGTH(option_value))/1024) as size_kb FROM wp_options WHERE autoload='yes';" --path=web/wp

Quick Health Check

One-liner to check overall server health:

ssh root@your-server.com "echo '=== Memory ===' && free -m | grep Mem && echo '' && echo '=== PHP-FPM Workers ===' && ps aux --sort=-%mem | grep 'php-fpm: pool' | head -5 | awk '{print \$6/1024 \" MB - PID \" \$2}'"

Healthy indicators:

  • Memory: Available RAM > 1GB
  • Workers: Each worker < 200MB
  • No recent errors in logs