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热部署配置方法总结"><meta name="twitter:description" content="前不久临时在搞一个 Java Web 项目，需要做一点点修改，由于对原有的代码不熟悉，所以附带需要大量的测试，搞清楚程序执行的流程。在一开始的操作过程中，我就是不断修改代码，然后关闭 Tomcat 服务器，再重启，操作了几次我就不想这么干了，太浪费时间了。大量的时间都用在了关闭重启服务上面，在最新更改的代码没有加载完成前，只能干等着，后面我就发现了有 热部署 这个技巧，可以节省大量的时间。本文就记"><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/iplaypi/img-playpi/master/img/2019/20190609025955.png"><script type="text/javascript" id="hexo.configurations">var NexT=window.NexT||{},CONFIG={root:"/",scheme:"Mist",version:"5.1.3",sidebar:{position:"left",display:"hide",offset:12,b2t:!1,scrollpercent:!0,onmobile:!1},fancybox:!0,tabs:!0,motion:{enable:!0,async:!1,transition:{post_block:"fadeIn",post_header:"slideDownIn",post_body:"slideDownIn",coll_header:"slideLeftIn",sidebar:"slideUpIn"}},duoshuo:{userId:"0",author:"博主"},algolia:{applicationID:"",apiKey:"",indexName:"",hits:{per_page:10},labels:{input_placeholder:"Search for Posts",hits_empty:"We didn't find any results for the search: 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itemprop="name" content="虾丸派"><meta itemprop="description" content="记录知识 | 分享技术"><meta itemprop="image" content="/images/favicon-1536x1536-playpi.png"></span><span hidden itemprop="publisher" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Organization"><meta itemprop="name" content="虾丸派"></span><header class="post-header"><h2 class="post-title" itemprop="name headline">IDEA 热部署配置方法总结</h2><div class="post-meta"><span class="post-time"><span class="post-meta-item-text">发表于</span> <time title="创建于" itemprop="dateCreated datePublished" datetime="2016-12-08T23:01:13+08:00">2016-12-08 </time></span><span class="post-category"><span class="post-meta-divider">|</span> <span class="post-meta-item-text">分类于</span> <span itemprop="about" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Thing"><a href="/categories/basic-technical-knowledge/" itemprop="url" rel="index"><span itemprop="name">基础技术知识</span> </a></span></span><span id="busuanzi_container_page_pv" style="display:none"><span class="post-meta-divider">|</span> 阅读次数 <span id="busuanzi_value_page_pv"></span></span><div class="post-wordcount"><span class="post-meta-item-text">字数统计</span> <span title="字数统计">2,433字 </span><span class="post-meta-divider">|</span> <span class="post-meta-item-text">阅读时长 ≈</span> <span title="阅读时长">9分钟</span></div></div></header><div class="post-body" itemprop="articleBody"><p>前不久临时在搞一个 Java Web 项目，需要做一点点修改，由于对原有的代码不熟悉，所以附带需要大量的测试，搞清楚程序执行的流程。在一开始的操作过程中，我就是不断修改代码，然后关闭 Tomcat 服务器，再重启，操作了几次我就不想这么干了，太浪费时间了。大量的时间都用在了关闭重启服务上面，在最新更改的代码没有加载完成前，只能干等着，后面我就发现了有 <strong>热部署 </strong>这个技巧，可以节省大量的时间。本文就记录在 IDEA 中热部署的配置方式，操作系统环境基于 Windows7 X64，Web 容器基于 Tomcat 6.x。</p><a id="more"></a><h1 id="大背景"><a href="# 大背景" class="headerlink" title="大背景"></a>大背景</h1><p>在 Web 开发中，如果需要调试最新更新的代码，最先想到的思路就是重新启动 Web 容器，以加载最新的资源文件。但是显然，这种做法是很浪费时间的，而且当 Web 项目整体比较大的时候，重启一次需要很长的时间，更加凸显了这种做法的低效。</p><p>回头思考一下，有时候只是更改了某个方法的几行代码，却要重启整个服务，这动作太大了，肯定有更加方便快捷的方式来做这件事，例如 <strong>热部署 </strong>。</p><p>还有，有时候更新的不一定是 Java 类文件【或者其它编程语言的后台资源文件】，而是 HTML 静态文件、JavaScript 静态文件、项目配置文件【例如 Spring 的配置文件、日志配置文件】等，这时候是不是一定要重启 Web 服务呢，能不能也做到热部署，其实是可以的。</p><h1 id="热部署配置"><a href="# 热部署配置" class="headerlink" title="热部署配置"></a>热部署配置</h1><h2 id="热部署基础配置"><a href="# 热部署基础配置" class="headerlink" title="热部署基础配置"></a> 热部署基础配置</h2><p>如果还没有为 Web 项目配置好 Tomcat 服务器，可以在 <code>Run</code> -> <code>Edit Configurations</code> 中先把 Web 服务器的基本信息【例如本地服务器安装目录、默认浏览器、服务端口、JRE 环境】配置好。<br><img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/iplaypi/img-playpi/master/img/2019/20190609025955.png" alt="先配置 Tomcat 服务器" title="先配置 Tomcat 服务器"></p><p>具体配置可以参考下图：名字、本地安装的服务器、启动的浏览器、本地 JRE 环境、HTTP 服务端口。<br><img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/iplaypi/img-playpi/master/img/2019/20190609025912.png" alt="Tomcat 服务器具体配置信息" title="Tomcat 服务器具体配置信息"></p><p>配置完成 Tomcat 服务器的基本信息，再接着配置部署优化信息，如图打开 Tomcat 的 <code>Edit Configurations</code>。如果刚刚执行完前面的 Tomcat 基础信息配置，可以不用关闭窗口，直接可以进入下一步骤进行配置，如果已经使用过 Tomcat 服务器，可以按照如图快捷方式打开配置窗口。<br><img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/iplaypi/img-playpi/master/img/2019/20190609030044.png" alt="打开 Tomcat 部署窗口" title="打开 Tomcat 部署窗口"></p><p>打开 <code>Deployment</code> 选项卡，默认在启动项【startup】里面是没有任何东西的【面板中部也提示 <code>Nothing to deploy</code>】，需要手动添加，也就是为 Tomcat 服务器添加一个应用，这样在 Tomcat 启动时就会加载这个应用，也可以说是把这个应用部署到 Tomcat 服务器上面。点击右侧的绿色小加号，选择 <code>Artifact</code>。<br><img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/iplaypi/img-playpi/master/img/2019/20190609030125.png" alt="Deployment 选项卡配置应用" title="Deployment 选项卡配置应用"></p><p>接着选择部署应用的类型，建议选择 <code>exploded</code> 的类型，不需要单纯的 <code>war</code> 包类型，这个相当于更改 Tomcat 的 <code>CATALINA_HOME</code>，效率比较高一点，选择后点击 <code>ok</code> 确认即可。<br><img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/iplaypi/img-playpi/master/img/2019/20190609030158.png" alt="添加 exploded 类型的应用" title="添加 exploded 类型的应用"></p><p>配置完成 <code>Deployment</code> 信息后，如果有默认的 <code>Make</code> 操作记得删除【在 <code>Deployment</code> 选项卡的底部，有一个 <code>Before launch</code> 清单】，可以提高效率，只保留项目的 <code>exploded</code> 类型即可，选中后使用红色的减号来删除。<br><img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/iplaypi/img-playpi/master/img/2019/20190609030231.png" alt="删除 Make 提升效率" title="删除 Make 提升效率"></p><p>接着返回 <code>Server</code> 选项卡，可以看到有两项重要的配置：<code>On 'Update' action</code>、<code>On frame deactivation</code>，如果在前面的 <code>Deployment</code> 选项卡中没有配置 <code>exploded</code> 类型的 war 包的话，这里是不会有 <code>On frame deactivation</code> 这个配置项的。接着把这两个重要的配置选项都设置为 <code>Update classes and resources</code>，否则类修改热部署不会生效，或者第三方模版框架例如 Freemarker 的热部署也不会生效。<br><img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/iplaypi/img-playpi/master/img/2019/20190609030252.png" alt="Server 选项卡配置" title="Server 选项卡配置"></p><p>配置完成了以上信息，在 Debug 模式下，IDEA 失去焦点时【场景：开启 Debug 模式，更改完代码去浏览器操作测试】，则会自动加载更新从而达到热部署的效果。不难发现，这个过程还是有点缓慢，原因是什么呢，因为前面的配置效果都是基于 JVM 提供的热加载来实现的，仅支持方法块内代码的修改，并且只有 Debug 模式下，同时是在 IDEA 失去焦点时【<code>On frame deactivation</code> 配置产生的效果】才会触发热加载，相对来说整个流程的速度仍旧略显缓慢。</p><p>那么，怎么优化这个流程呢，继续往下面看。</p><h2 id="热部署进阶配置"><a href="# 热部署进阶配置" class="headerlink" title="热部署进阶配置"></a>热部署进阶配置</h2><p>前面提到的热部署速度仍旧缓慢，必须在 Debug 模式下并且焦点离开 IDEA 时才会触发热加载，是因为还没有开启 IDEA 的自动编译功能。</p><p>众所周知，在 Eclipse 中是默认开启自动编译的特性的，也就说你只要更改了项目的文件，点击保存，Eclipse 就会立即执行编译操作，把文件编译一遍，虽然优点消耗资源，但是能在开发人员无感的情况下保证所有的执行文件都是最新的，避免诡异的问题出现。</p><p>但是在 IDEA 中，自动编译这个特性默认是关闭的，也就是说如果你更改了文件，但是没有及时编译，等到运行时使用的仍旧是上次的可执行文件，这就会导致一些诡异的现象发生。例如刚刚改了代码然后运行，发现运行的代码逻辑和更改的不一致，这就是因为虽然原文件被改了【肉眼可以看到改变】，但是可执行文件仍旧是旧的【运行程序观察到的现象是没变】。举个具体的例子就是在 IDEA 中写 Maven 项目，尽管在每次 Run 的时候 IDEA 都会重新编译 Java 类文件，保证运行的 class 文件都是最新的，但是有时候不知道怎么回事运行的 class 文件并不是最新的，我一直认为这是 IDEA 的 bug，另一方面，如果变更的是 xml 配置文件，IDEA 也会漏掉，因此，此时运行前最好先执行一下 <code>mvn clean</code> 来清空一下项目的编译结果。</p><p>下面开始进入正题，记录开启 IDEA 自动编译的方法。</p><p>首先设置自动构建【包含编译】，在 <strong>Settings</strong> -> <strong>Build，Execution，Deployment</strong> -> <strong>Compiler</strong> 中，勾选 <code>Build project automatically</code>，这个配置项表示自动构建项目，但是仅在项目没有运行或者 Debug 的状态下才会有效。那这样肯定不行，因为热部署就是表示项目一直在运行中，热加载更改代码后自动编译的文件，这个设置在运行状态下不会自动编译，别急，还有下一个步骤的设置。<br><img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/iplaypi/img-playpi/master/img/2019/20190609030350.png" alt="设置自动构建" title="设置自动构建"></p><p>设置允许运行中的程序自动编译，先使用 <code>Ctrl + Shift + a</code> 调出搜索 Action 的对话框【这个快捷方式是基于 Windows 平台的 Eclipse 快捷方式，也可以在主界面根据 <strong>Help</strong> -> <strong>Find Action</strong> 进入】，在里面搜索 <strong>Registry</strong>，选择结果中的 <strong>Registry…</strong>，接着就会进入详细设置页面。<br><img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/iplaypi/img-playpi/master/img/2019/20190609030409.png" alt="在 Action 搜索对话框中搜索 Registry" title="在 Action 搜索对话框中搜索 Registry"></p><p>在详细设置页面继续搜索 <strong>compiler.automake.allow.when.app.running</strong>，直接输入即可，不需要搜索框，或者输入关键词 <strong>app.running</strong>，会在左上角显示搜索内容：<code>Search for: app.running</code>，下面也会实时展示搜索结果。<br><img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/iplaypi/img-playpi/master/img/2019/20190609030445.png" alt="搜索 app.running" title="搜索 app.running"></p><p>看到我想要的结果了，直接勾选 <code>compiler.automake.allow.when.app.running</code>，这就表示允许在程序运行时自动编译，但是还要留意一点，看到最上面的红色字体的提示：<code>Changing these values may cause unwanted behavior of IntelliJ IDEA.Please do not change these unless you have been asked</code>，其实就是在警告你不要随意更改这里面的配置，可能会对 IDEA 造成影响，除非你完全了解你更改的内容。关于这个选项的含义，可以直接看最下面的 <code>Description</code> 里面的描述：<code>Allow auto-make to start even if developed application is currently running. Note that automatically started make may eventually delete some classes that are required by the application.</code>。<br><img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/iplaypi/img-playpi/master/img/2019/20190609030509.png" alt="勾选需要的选项" title="勾选需要的选项"></p><h2 id="配置效果总结"><a href="# 配置效果总结" class="headerlink" title="配置效果总结"></a>配置效果总结</h2><p>如此一来，每当我的 Web 项目里面的 Java 文件、JavaScript 文件等资源更新时【例如更改了代码，重新配置了参数等】，Tomcat 服务会重新载入这些原始文件对应的编译文件，从而达到热部署的效果，这样我就可以不用在每次更改了一点东西，想测试一下效果，还需要关闭重启，浪费时间。</p><p>Tomcat 热部署时重新载入资源给出的提示信息<br><img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/iplaypi/img-playpi/master/img/2019/20190609030529.png" alt="Tomcat 热部署给出的提示信息" title="Tomcat 热部署给出的提示信息"></p><p>还要注意一点，在 Debug 时，为了验证刚刚更改的代码有没有被热加载，可以添加一个断点，看看断点的状态有没有生效，即在红色的断点标记处有一个对勾标识【√】，如果没有对勾也没有叉【×】，而是一个单独的红圆圈，说明更改的代码没有生效。<br><img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/iplaypi/img-playpi/master/img/2019/20190609030537.png" alt="断点标记查看" title="断点标记查看"></p><h1 id="备注"><a href="# 备注" class="headerlink" 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