[Copilot]

Java masks long shift distances, causing repeated failures to reset capped backoff on call 65. Millisecond conversion also overflows for large custom durations.

• Safe saturation: Replace shifts with guarded Duration doubling, preserving exponential growth without overflowing or exceeding the maximum.
• Compatibility: Preserve negative-duration behavior and forget/numRequeues semantics.
• Regression coverage: Check every result through 1,024 calls, including calls 63–66 and 127–129, across default, large, submillisecond, and zero-duration settings.

• Fixes Exponential workqueue backoff resets after 64 failures due to Java shift masking #4985

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[kubernetes-prow]

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[kubernetes-prow]

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• 562bbc5 Fix exponential workqueue backoff saturation (closes Exponential workqueue backoff resets after 64 failures due to Java shift masking #4985)

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