@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+---
+'@objectstack/runtime': patch
+---
+
+fix(runtime): an `api` action whose `target` names its record is refused `400` naming `recordId` when called with no record id, instead of being forwarded to a path that reaches no route
+
+Clause-②: no
+Metadata-protocol: none
+
+A same-origin `type: 'api'` action whose `target` carries a record token (`{id}`, `${ctx.recordId}`, or a `{field}` read from the record, for example `approval_approve` → `/api/v1/approvals/requests/{id}/approve`) used to be forwarded even when the caller gave no `recordId`, or an empty one: the token was blanked or left as written, the forwarded path matched no route, and the action door answered `404 ENDPOINT_NOT_FOUND`, telling the caller the endpoint did not exist.
+
+Both action doors (REST `POST /api/v1/actions/:object/:action` and the MCP `run_action` tool) now refuse that call `400 VALIDATION_ERROR` before any forward, naming the missing input: `recordId` when no record was named, otherwise the field the record has no value for. A call with a real id, and a call with an id the target does not know, are forwarded and answered by the target as before.
@@ -1331,6 +1331,31 @@ export function foldsApiDecisionOutputs(action: any): boolean {
     return !isDeclarativeUpdateAction(action) && action?.type === 'api' && apiBodyWrap(action) === undefined;
 }
 
+/**
+ * Which record input does this partly built forward `path` still lack, by its
+ * `{field}` tokens? `recordId` when the caller named no record, otherwise the
+ * field the record has no value for; `undefined` when every token resolved.
+ * Read after `${…}` and `{{…}}` are refused, so a brace pair left here is a
+ * `{field}` token.
+ */
+function unresolvedApiTargetRecordInput(path: string, routedRecordId: unknown): string | undefined {
+    const match = /\{([a-z_][a-z0-9_]*)\}/i.exec(path);
+    if (!match) return undefined;
+    return routedRecordId === undefined ? 'recordId' : match[1];
+}
+
+/** The refusal for a `target` record token the dispatch inputs left unresolved: nothing is forwarded. */
+function unresolvedApiTargetRecordRefusal(name: string, target: string, missing: string): ApiActionRequestRefusal {
+    return {
+        status: 400,
+        message: missing === 'recordId'
+            ? `Action '${name}' has a \`target\` ('${target}') that names its record, and no \`recordId\` was given. ` +
+                `Pass the id of the record to run it on as \`recordId\`. The request was not sent.`
+            : `Action '${name}' has a \`target\` ('${target}') that reads \`${missing}\` from its record, and this ` +
+                `record has no value for it. The request was not sent.`,
+    };
+}
+
 /**
  * Assemble the request a same-origin `type: 'api'` action makes — method,
  * path and JSON body — from its DECLARATION and the dispatch inputs, by the
@@ -1341,6 +1366,10 @@ export function foldsApiDecisionOutputs(action: any): boolean {
  *     the caller (`ctx.recordId`, `ctx.user.id`, `ctx.org.id`; `ctx.origin` /
  *     `ctx.apiBase` are `''` on the server, as they are for a same-origin
  *     console), values percent-encoded; then `{field}` from the subject row.
+ *     A record token neither can fill — no `recordId` given (an empty one is
+ *     none), or a row with no value for the field — is REFUSED naming the
+ *     missing input, never blanked or forwarded as written: that path reaches
+ *     no route, and its 404 would say the endpoint does not exist.
  *  2. The body: the params bag, flat or under `bodyShape.wrap`; the `outputs.*`
  *     fold (#3447); `recordIdParam` seeded from the subject row's
  *     `recordIdField` (default `id`) — or REFUSED when the row cannot supply it
@@ -1373,23 +1402,37 @@ export function buildApiActionRequest(
         : undefined;
 
     // ── 1. the path ──
+    // An empty id is no id: `${ctx.recordId}` and `{id}` stay unresolved, and
+    // are refused below by name, rather than blanked into a path naming no record.
+    const routedRecordId: unknown = input.recordId || (input.record as any)?.id || undefined;
     let path = substituteApiTargetTokens(target, {
         param: input.params,
         ctx: {
             origin: '',
             apiBase: '',
-            recordId: input.recordId ?? (input.record as any)?.id,
+            recordId: routedRecordId,
             user: { id: ec.userId, email: ec.email },
             org: { id: organizationId },
         },
     });
-    if (input.record && /\{[a-z_][a-z0-9_]*\}/i.test(path)) {
-        const row = input.record;
-        path = path.replace(/\{([a-z_][a-z0-9_]*)\}/gi, (_m, k: string) => {
-            const v = row[k];
-            return v == null ? '' : encodeURIComponent(String(v));
+    if (/\{[a-z_][a-z0-9_]*\}/i.test(path)) {
+        // Without a row only `{id}` has a source: the routed `recordId`, as
+        // for `recordIdParam` below. A field with no value is LEFT IN PLACE,
+        // never blanked: the refusal below names it, and nothing is forwarded.
+        const row: Record<string, unknown> = input.record && typeof input.record === 'object' ? input.record : {};
+        path = path.replace(/\{([a-z_][a-z0-9_]*)\}/gi, (m, k: string) => {
+            const v = row[k] ?? (k === 'id' ? routedRecordId : undefined);
+            return v == null || v === '' ? m : encodeURIComponent(String(v));
         });
     }
+    // A record token left unresolved — the caller named no record, or the
+    // record has no value for the field the path reads — is refused BEFORE the
+    // forward, naming the missing input: a forward with a hole in its path
+    // reaches no route, and its 404 would tell the caller the endpoint does
+    // not exist instead of what they did not send. `${ctx.recordId}` is read
+    // here, ahead of the browser-only refusal below, which would otherwise
+    // claim it; a `{field}` token after it, so a `{{page.x}}` keeps that one.
+    if (path.includes('${ctx.recordId}')) return unresolvedApiTargetRecordRefusal(name, target, 'recordId');
     if (/\$\{[\w.]+\}|\{\{/.test(path)) {
         return {
             status: 400,
@@ -1400,6 +1443,8 @@ export function buildApiActionRequest(
                 `exists only in the browser). Pass the value as a param, or call the target from the console.`,
         };
     }
+    const missingRecordInput = unresolvedApiTargetRecordInput(path, routedRecordId);
+    if (missingRecordInput) return unresolvedApiTargetRecordRefusal(name, target, missingRecordInput);
     if (!isSameOriginApiTarget(path)) {
         return { status: 400, message: `Action '${name}' interpolated its \`target\` to '${path}', which is not a same-origin path.` };
     }
 
@@ -99,6 +99,12 @@ const FLAG_BY_EMAIL = {
     ai: { exposed: true, description: 'Flag the lead by email.' },
 };
 
+/** An api action whose `target` carries no record token. */
+const PING_LOCAL = {
+    name: 'ping_local', label: 'Ping', objectName: OBJECT, type: 'api', method: 'POST',
+    target: '/api/v1/apps/showcase/ping', ai: { exposed: true, description: 'Ping the app.' },
+};
+
 type Injected = { url: string; init: RequestInit };
 
 function boot(opts: {
@@ -122,7 +128,7 @@ function boot(opts: {
     });
     const server = { getRawApp: () => ({ request }) };
     const executeAction = vi.fn(async () => ({ ran: 'script' }));
-    const objectDef = { name: OBJECT, actions: [BAN_LEAD, REMOTE_PING, DELETE_LEAD, RECALC_LEAD, APPROVE_LEAD, NOTE_OWNER, FLAG_BY_EMAIL] };
+    const objectDef = { name: OBJECT, actions: [BAN_LEAD, REMOTE_PING, DELETE_LEAD, RECALC_LEAD, APPROVE_LEAD, NOTE_OWNER, FLAG_BY_EMAIL, PING_LOCAL] };
     const ql: any = {
         executeAction,
         getSchema: (name: string) => (name === OBJECT ? objectDef : undefined),
@@ -1342,3 +1348,104 @@ describe('[#28657] a denied subject load forwards an api action whose request ne
         expect(apiForwardSubjectRecord('u_target', delivered)).toBe(delivered.record);
     });
 });
+
+// An api action whose `target` names its record (`{id}`, `${ctx.recordId}`,
+// `{field}`) called with no record id, or an empty one, used to be forwarded
+// with the token blanked or left as written: the path reached no route and the
+// door answered the router's 404 ENDPOINT_NOT_FOUND, telling the caller the
+// endpoint does not exist. It is refused 400 VALIDATION_ERROR naming the
+// missing input, before any forward. The real-stack half, on the real
+// approvals routes, is `packages/verify/src/action-door-api-forward-denied-subject.test.ts`.
+describe('an api action whose target names its record, called with no record id, is refused naming `recordId`', () => {
+    const runViaMcp = async (h: ReturnType<typeof boot>, name: string, input: any = {}) => {
+        const deps: any = {
+            resolveService: async (_ctx: unknown, service: string) =>
+                service === 'metadata' ? h.metadata
+                : service === 'automation' ? null
+                : service === 'http.server' ? { getRawApp: () => ({ request: h.request }) }
+                : h.ql,
+            getObjectQL: async () => h.ql,
+        };
+        return invokeBusinessAction(deps, CTX() as any, name, input, {
+            driver: h.ql,
+            ec: { userId: 'u_agent', tenantId: 'org_1', systemPermissions: [] },
+            getMeta: () => h.metadata,
+            callData: async (_a: string, p: any) => ({ object: p?.object, id: p?.id, record: { id: p?.id, email: 'target@example.test' } }),
+        });
+    };
+
+    it('REST: the approve shape with no `recordId`, or an empty one, answers 400 VALIDATION_ERROR naming it, and nothing is forwarded', async () => {
+        for (const body of [{ params: {} }, { recordId: '', params: {} }]) {
+            const { dispatcher, request } = boot();
+
+            const res = await dispatcher.handleActions(`/${OBJECT}/${APPROVE_LEAD.name}`, 'POST', body, CTX());
+
+            expect(statusOf(res), JSON.stringify(body)).toBe(400);
+            expect(codeOf(res), JSON.stringify(body)).toBe(standardErrorCodeForHttpStatus(400));
+            expect(codeOf(res)).toBe('VALIDATION_ERROR');
+            expect(messageOf(res)).toContain('`recordId`');
+            expect(request, JSON.stringify(body)).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+        }
+    });
+
+    it('REST: a `${ctx.recordId}` target and a `{field}` target are refused the same way with no record id', async () => {
+        for (const action of [DELETE_LEAD, NOTE_OWNER]) {
+            for (const body of [{}, { recordId: '' }]) {
+                const { dispatcher, request } = boot();
+
+                const res = await dispatcher.handleActions(`/${OBJECT}/${action.name}`, 'POST', body, CTX());
+
+                expect(statusOf(res), `${action.name} ${JSON.stringify(body)}`).toBe(400);
+                expect(codeOf(res)).toBe('VALIDATION_ERROR');
+                expect(messageOf(res)).toContain('`recordId`');
+                expect(request).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+            }
+        }
+    });
+
+    it('REST, the controls: a real id is forwarded (200), an unknown id gets the target\'s 404 REQUEST_NOT_FOUND, a tokenless target is forwarded with no id', async () => {
+        const real = boot();
+        const ok = await real.dispatcher.handleActions(`/${OBJECT}/${APPROVE_LEAD.name}`, 'POST', { recordId: 'u_target', params: {} }, CTX());
+        expect(statusOf(ok), JSON.stringify(ok?.response?.body)).toBe(200);
+        expect(real.injected[0].url).toBe('http://app.example.test/api/v1/approvals/requests/u_target/approve');
+
+        const unknown = boot({ answer: { status: 404, body: { code: 'REQUEST_NOT_FOUND', error: "request 'areq_none' not found" } } });
+        const missing = await unknown.dispatcher.handleActions(`/${OBJECT}/${APPROVE_LEAD.name}`, 'POST', { recordId: 'areq_none', params: {} }, CTX());
+        expect(statusOf(missing)).toBe(404);
+        expect(codeOf(missing)).toBe('REQUEST_NOT_FOUND');
+        expect(unknown.injected[0].url).toBe('http://app.example.test/api/v1/approvals/requests/areq_none/approve');
+
+        const ping = boot();
+        const pinged = await ping.dispatcher.handleActions(`/${OBJECT}/${PING_LOCAL.name}`, 'POST', { params: {} }, CTX());
+        expect(statusOf(pinged), JSON.stringify(pinged?.response?.body)).toBe(200);
+        expect(ping.injected[0].url).toBe('http://app.example.test/api/v1/apps/showcase/ping');
+    });
+
+    it('MCP `run_action`: the approve shape with no `recordId`, or an empty one, is thrown 400 VALIDATION_ERROR naming it, and nothing is forwarded', async () => {
+        for (const input of [{ params: {} }, { recordId: '', params: {} }]) {
+            const h = boot();
+
+            const thrown = await runViaMcp(h, APPROVE_LEAD.name, input).catch((e) => e);
+
+            expect((thrown as any).status, JSON.stringify(input)).toBe(400);
+            expect((thrown as any).code).toBe('VALIDATION_ERROR');
+            expect(String((thrown as any).message)).toContain('`recordId`');
+            expect(h.request).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+        }
+    });
+
+    it('buildApiActionRequest: a row with no value for a `{field}` token is refused naming that field, never blanked', () => {
+        const ec = { userId: 'u1', tenantId: 'org_9' };
+        for (const record of [{ id: 'r1' }, { id: 'r1', email: null }, { id: 'r1', email: '' }]) {
+            const refused = buildApiActionRequest(NOTE_OWNER, { recordId: 'r1', record, params: {}, ec });
+            expect((refused as any).status, JSON.stringify(record)).toBe(400);
+            expect((refused as any).message).toContain('`email`');
+        }
+        // No record at all: the caller named none, so the missing input is `recordId`.
+        const none = buildApiActionRequest(NOTE_OWNER, { record: {}, params: {}, ec });
+        expect((none as any).message).toContain('`recordId`');
+        // `{id}` without a row is filled from the routed id, as `recordIdParam` is.
+        const rowless = buildApiActionRequest(APPROVE_LEAD, { recordId: 'areq 1', params: {}, ec });
+        expect((rowless as any).path).toBe('/api/v1/approvals/requests/areq%201/approve');
+    });
+});
@@ -219,4 +219,29 @@ describe('a pending approver decides through the action door — the forward aut
     expect(await approveRows(requestId)).toEqual([]);
     expect(pendingOf(await requestRow(requestId))).toEqual([FIRST, SECOND]);
   });
+
+  it('Approve with no record id, or an empty one, is refused 400 naming `recordId` — never forwarded to a path with a hole in it', async () => {
+    const requestId = await openRequest('INV-3');
+
+    for (const body of [{ params: {} }, { recordId: '', params: {} }]) {
+      const answer = await call(first, 'POST', '/actions/sys_approval_request/approval_approve', body);
+
+      // The route's 404 ENDPOINT_NOT_FOUND would say the endpoint does not exist.
+      expect(answer.status, answer.text).toBe(400);
+      expect(answer.json?.error?.code, answer.text).toBe('VALIDATION_ERROR');
+      expect(answer.json?.error?.message, answer.text).toContain('`recordId`');
+    }
+    // Nothing reached the decision route.
+    expect(await approveRows(requestId)).toEqual([]);
+    expect(pendingOf(await requestRow(requestId))).toEqual([FIRST, SECOND]);
+  });
+
+  it('the control: an id that names no request is still forwarded, and the decision route\'s 404 REQUEST_NOT_FOUND is the answer', async () => {
+    const answer = await call(first, 'POST', '/actions/sys_approval_request/approval_approve', {
+      recordId: 'areq_does_not_exist', params: {},
+    });
+
+    expect(answer.status, answer.text).toBe(404);
+    expect(answer.json?.error?.code, answer.text).toBe('REQUEST_NOT_FOUND');
+  });
 });