@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+---
+'@object-ui/i18n': patch
+'@object-ui/app-shell': patch
+---
+
+feat(i18n, app-shell): Studio and Setup give a switched-on, switched-off or customized item one word, and the permission matrix reads its columns in Chinese
+
+Clause-②: no
+Metadata-protocol: none
+
+- Switched on and switched off read 启用 / 停用 in zh-CN wherever Studio and Setup name the state: the packaged-flow ledger switch said 开启 / 关闭, and Setup's packaged actions said 已关闭 in the column and 开启 / 关闭 in the switch-off confirm and its toasts. In en, Studio's flow run status says "Switched on" / "Switched off" (it said On / Off and Enabled / Disabled), the word the landing and the ledger switch use; the ledger switch reads "Switched on/off for this deployment".
+- The Customize act reads 定制 in zh-CN (the button, its titles, the restore confirmations, the landing lines quoting the button, the form-editor notes), matching 已定制 and 可定制. 自定义 stays where it means user-defined (a custom value, key, renderer, page or code).
+- A permission set no package ships reads 新增 / "Added" (it read 自定义 / "Custom"): it is an item this deployment added, not a customized one.
+- The permission matrix's object columns read the action words in zh-CN (创建 … 查看全部, 修改全部) through new `perm.col.*` rows; en keeps C … MA and the legend line that spells them out, which zh no longer needs. Setup's per-object chip reads through `perm.owd.chip` (zh 记录共享模型：私有), not a hard-coded `OWD ` prefix.
+- Fixed: in zh-CN, Setup's matrix legend and every column tooltip read English when the matrix rendered before the Chinese Studio strings had loaded. The columns are rebuilt once they land.
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ import { describe, it, expect, vi, afterEach } from 'vitest';
 import { render, screen, cleanup, within } from '@testing-library/react';
 import { MemoryRouter } from 'react-router-dom';
 import { loadStudioCatalogue } from '@object-ui/i18n/namespaces/studio';
+import { en as CONSOLE_EN, zh as CONSOLE_ZH } from '@object-ui/i18n/locales';
 import { MetadataAreaHostContext, type MetadataAreaHost } from './metadataAreaHost';
 import type { RichMetadataTypeEntry } from './useMetadata';
 
@@ -200,8 +201,8 @@ const VOCABULARY: ReadonlyArray<{ state: string; key: string; en: string; zh: st
   { state: 'can be added', key: 'engine.studio.customize.addable', en: 'Can be added', zh: '可新增' },
   { state: 'customized', key: 'engine.customizationMark.customized', en: 'Customized ({baseName})', zh: '已定制（{baseName}）' },
   { state: 'added', key: 'engine.customizationMark.added', en: 'Added', zh: '新增' },
-  // en still reads "Off" here; its move to "Switched off" is objectstack#29729.
-  { state: 'switched off', key: 'engine.studio.auto.off', en: 'Off', zh: '已停用' },
+  { state: 'switched off', key: 'engine.studio.auto.off', en: 'Switched off', zh: '已停用' },
+  { state: 'switched on', key: 'engine.studio.auto.on', en: 'Switched on', zh: '已启用' },
 ];
 
 /** Every other key that draws one of the states, and the word it must carry. */
@@ -288,3 +289,108 @@ describe('Access: sharing settings in zh carry no English doublet or bare OWD (o
     expect(EN['engine.studio.access.colOwd']).toBe('OWD');
   });
 });
+
+/**
+ * objectstack#29729 — the words #29705 left with a second spelling outside its
+ * diff. A switched-on or switched-off flow or action reads 启用 / 停用 in zh and
+ * "Switched on" / "Switched off" in en wherever Studio and Setup name that
+ * state; the Customize act reads 定制 (its state is 已定制, its offer 可定制);
+ * a permission set no package ships reads 新增 / "Added", not 自定义.
+ */
+describe('one word per state, the second pass (objectstack#29729)', () => {
+  const SWITCHED_ON = ['engine.studio.auto.on', 'engine.studio.auto.enabled', 'engine.studio.auto.ledger.on', 'engine.studio.auto.ledger.notRunning', 'engine.studio.auto.ledger.switchedOn'];
+  const SWITCHED_OFF = ['engine.studio.auto.off', 'engine.studio.auto.offTitle', 'engine.studio.auto.disabled', 'engine.studio.auto.disabledToast', 'engine.studio.auto.ledger.off', 'engine.studio.auto.ledger.switchedOff'];
+  const LEDGER_PROSE = ['engine.studio.auto.ledger.hint', 'engine.studio.auto.ledger.walled'];
+
+  it.each(SWITCHED_ON)('%s: switched on is 启用 / "Switched on" (or "switched on")', (key) => {
+    expect(ZH[key]).toContain('启用');
+    expect(EN[key]).toMatch(/switched on/i);
+  });
+
+  it.each(SWITCHED_OFF)('%s: switched off is 停用 / "Switched off" (or "switched off")', (key) => {
+    expect(ZH[key]).toContain('停用');
+    expect(EN[key]).toMatch(/switched off/i);
+  });
+
+  it.each([...SWITCHED_ON, ...SWITCHED_OFF, ...LEDGER_PROSE])('%s: no 开启 / 关闭 in zh, no On/Off/Enabled/Disabled in en', (key) => {
+    expect(ZH[key]).not.toMatch(/开启|关闭/u);
+    // The old state labels: a bare word, or the word before "for this deployment" / " — …".
+    expect(EN[key]).not.toMatch(/^(On|Off|Enabled|Disabled)( for | — |,|$)/u);
+  });
+
+  it("Setup's packaged actions name the same state the same way", () => {
+    const zh = (CONSOLE_ZH as any).packagedAutomation;
+    expect(zh.on).toBe('已启用');
+    expect(zh.off).toBe('已停用');
+    expect(zh.actionsSubtitle).toContain('停用后');
+    expect(zh.actionsSubtitle).not.toMatch(/关闭/u);
+    // CONTROL: en keeps its own pair for this page.
+    expect((CONSOLE_EN as any).packagedAutomation.off).toBe('Off');
+  });
+
+  // The switch-off confirm, its toasts and the cell all name one state: a
+  // user who switches an action off must not read 关闭 in the dialog, 已关闭
+  // in the toast and 已停用 in the column.
+  it.each(Object.keys((CONSOLE_ZH as any).packagedAutomation))(
+    "Setup's packaged actions zh row %s: no 开启 / 关闭",
+    (key) => {
+      expect((CONSOLE_ZH as any).packagedAutomation[key]).not.toMatch(/开启|关闭/u);
+    },
+  );
+
+  it("Setup's packaged actions: the confirm, the toasts and the cell share 启用 / 停用", () => {
+    const zh = (CONSOLE_ZH as any).packagedAutomation;
+    expect(zh.switchedOn).toBe('「{{label}}」已启用。');
+    expect(zh.switchedOff).toBe('「{{label}}」已在本部署中停用。');
+    expect(zh.actionOffTitle).toBe('停用「{{label}}」？');
+    expect(zh.actionOffBody).toMatch(/^在重新启用之前/u);
+    expect(zh.actionOffConfirm).toBe('停用');
+  });
+
+  const CUSTOMIZE_ACT = [
+    'engine.studio.customize.action',
+    'engine.studio.customize.actionTitle',
+    'engine.studio.customize.walled',
+    'engine.studio.customize.noVersion',
+    'engine.studio.customize.draftFooter',
+    'engine.studio.customize.restoreBody',
+    'engine.studio.customize.restoreFlowBody',
+    'engine.edit.resetConfirmBody',
+    'engine.studio.landing.description',
+    'engine.studio.landing.readonlyHint',
+    'engine.studio.area.formEditor.oneLocale',
+    'engine.studio.area.formEditor.translationWhole',
+  ];
+
+  it.each(CUSTOMIZE_ACT)('%s: the Customize act reads 定制, never 自定义', (key) => {
+    expect(ZH[key]).toContain('定制');
+    expect(ZH[key]).not.toContain('自定义');
+  });
+
+  it('the Customize button and the landing lines that quote it agree', () => {
+    expect(ZH['engine.studio.customize.action']).toBe('定制');
+    expect(ZH['engine.studio.landing.description']).toContain('「定制」');
+    expect(ZH['engine.studio.landing.readonlyHint']).toContain('「定制」');
+  });
+
+  // CONTROL: 自定义 meaning "user-defined" (a custom value, key, renderer, page
+  // or code) is another sense and keeps its word.
+  it.each([
+    'engine.inspector.action.mode.custom',
+    'engine.inspector.flowNode.advancedHint',
+    'engine.inspector.flowEdge.branchCustom',
+    'engine.inspector.combo.noMatch',
+    'engine.form.fallbackJson',
+    'engine.studio.if.kindDesc.page',
+    'engine.flowNode.script.hint',
+  ])('CONTROL — %s keeps 自定义 (user-defined, not the Customize act)', (key) => {
+    expect(ZH[key]).toContain('自定义');
+  });
+
+  it('a permission set no package ships reads the added word, not 自定义 / "Custom"', () => {
+    expect(ZH['perm.badge.custom']).toBe(ZH['engine.customizationMark.added']);
+    expect(EN['perm.badge.custom']).toBe(EN['engine.customizationMark.added']);
+    // CONTROL: the shipped answer is untouched.
+    expect(EN['perm.badge.package']).toBe('Package');
+  });
+});
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 /**
  * The provenance badge in the permission set editor has two answers: "Package"
  * (a package ships the set: the package door's `packageId`, or the layered
- * envelope's code artifact) and "Custom" (authored in this environment).
+ * envelope's code artifact) and "Added" (authored in this environment).
  *
  * objectui#12753 — spec 18 retired the authored `managedBy` on a permission set
  * (objectstack#23891). The badge used to read it for a third answer,
@@ -101,19 +101,19 @@ describe.each<Site>(['page', 'studio'])('the provenance badge (%s site)', (site)
     expect(badgeText()).toBe('Package');
   });
 
-  it('a set with neither reads "Custom"', async () => {
+  it('a set with neither reads "Added"', async () => {
     await renderWith(site, {});
-    expect(badgeText()).toBe('Custom');
+    expect(badgeText()).toBe('Added');
   });
 
   it('a stray managedBy "platform" on an old stored row does not read "Platform"', async () => {
     await renderWith(site, { managedBy: 'platform' });
-    expect(badgeText()).toBe('Custom');
+    expect(badgeText()).toBe('Added');
     expect(screen.queryByText('Platform')).not.toBeInTheDocument();
   });
 
   it('a stray managedBy "package" does not make an environment-authored set read "Package"', async () => {
     await renderWith(site, { managedBy: 'package' });
-    expect(badgeText()).toBe('Custom');
+    expect(badgeText()).toBe('Added');
   });
 });
@@ -0,0 +1,149 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2026 ObjectStack. Licensed under the Apache-2.0 license.
+
+/**
+ * objectstack#29729 — the permission matrix's object columns in zh-CN.
+ *
+ * Three things, over the real editor in both renderings (Setup's environment
+ * scope and the Studio Access pillar):
+ *
+ *  - the column headers spell the action word in zh (创建 … 修改 全部) and keep
+ *    the abbreviations in en (C … MA); the legend line that spells the
+ *    abbreviations out is drawn only where the headers are abbreviations;
+ *  - the headers, their tooltips and the legend are rebuilt once the lazily
+ *    fetched zh `studio` catalogue lands. They were memoised on the locale
+ *    alone, so a matrix whose first render ran before the catalogue was
+ *    resident kept that render's `en` answer: Setup's legend line and every
+ *    header tooltip read English in zh-CN;
+ *  - Setup's per-object sharing-model chip reads through the catalogue
+ *    (`perm.owd.chip`), not a hard-coded `OWD ` prefix.
+ *
+ * ⛔ No module-scope `loadStudioCatalogue('zh')` here, unlike the sibling
+ * suites: the defect only exists while the catalogue is NOT yet resident, so
+ * the zh case asserts that precondition first. The `dom` project runs each
+ * file isolated, so no other file can have loaded it.
+ */
+
+import '@testing-library/jest-dom/vitest';
+import * as React from 'react';
+import { afterEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest';
+import { cleanup, render, screen, within } from '@testing-library/react';
+import { MemoryRouter } from 'react-router-dom';
+import { I18nProvider, createI18n } from '@object-ui/i18n';
+import { isStudioCatalogueLoaded } from '@object-ui/i18n/namespaces/studio';
+
+const SET = {
+  name: 'sales_rep',
+  label: 'Sales rep',
+  objects: { a_account: { allowRead: true } },
+  fields: {},
+} as Record<string, unknown>;
+
+function makeClient() {
+  return {
+    layered: async () => ({ effective: SET, code: null, overlay: null, overlayScope: null }),
+    getDraft: async () => null,
+    withPreviewDrafts() {
+      return this;
+    },
+    list: async (type: string) => (type === 'object' ? [{ item: { name: 'a_account', label: 'Account' } }] : []),
+    get: async (type: string) => (type === 'object' ? { fields: [{ name: 'name', label: 'Name' }] } : null),
+    save: async (_t: string, _n: string, payload: Record<string, unknown>) => payload,
+  } as any;
+}
+
+let clientImpl: any;
+
+vi.mock('./useMetadata', async (importOriginal) => ({
+  ...(await importOriginal<Record<string, unknown>>()),
+  useMetadataClient: () => clientImpl,
+  useMetadataTypes: () => ({
+    loading: false,
+    error: null,
+    entries: [{ type: 'permission', label: 'Permission', allowEnvironmentOverlay: true, allowRuntimeCreate: true }],
+  }),
+}));
+vi.mock('./AssignedUsersSection', () => ({ AssignedUsersSection: () => null }));
+
+import { PermissionMatrixEditPage } from './PermissionMatrixEditor';
+
+afterEach(() => {
+  cleanup();
+});
+
+type Rendering = 'setup' | 'studio';
+
+function mount(language: 'zh' | 'en', rendering: Rendering) {
+  clientImpl = makeClient();
+  const i18n = createI18n({ defaultLanguage: language, detectBrowserLanguage: false, resources: { [language]: {} } });
+  render(
+    <I18nProvider instance={i18n}>
+      <MemoryRouter>
+        <PermissionMatrixEditPage
+          type="permission"
+          name="sales_rep"
+          {...(rendering === 'studio'
+            ? { packageId: 'app.a', studio: { tab: 'objects', onTabChange: () => {} } }
+            : {})}
+        />
+      </MemoryRouter>
+    </I18nProvider>,
+  );
+}
+
+const ZH_HEADERS = ['创建', '读取', '编辑', '删除', '导出', '转移', '查看 全部', '修改 全部'];
+const EN_HEADERS = ['C', 'R', 'U', 'D', 'E', 'Tr', 'VA', 'MA'];
+
+/** The eight object-action headers, in column order, with their tooltips. */
+function actionHeaders(): Array<{ text: string; title: string | null }> {
+  const pane = screen.getByTestId('perm-matrix-pane');
+  return within(pane)
+    .getAllByRole('columnheader')
+    .filter((th) => th.querySelector('span.break-keep'))
+    .map((th) => ({ text: (th.textContent ?? '').trim(), title: th.getAttribute('title') }));
+}
+
+describe('the matrix column headers in zh, after the lazy catalogue lands (objectstack#29729)', () => {
+  it.each<Rendering>(['setup', 'studio'])(
+    '%s: a matrix mounted before the zh catalogue is resident spells the action words, with zh tooltips and no legend line',
+    async (rendering) => {
+      if (rendering === 'setup') {
+        expect(isStudioCatalogueLoaded('zh'), 'precondition: the zh catalogue is not resident yet').toBe(false);
+      }
+      mount('zh', rendering);
+      await screen.findByText('创建', { selector: 'th span' }, { timeout: 8000 });
+      const headers = actionHeaders();
+      expect(headers.map((h) => h.text)).toEqual(ZH_HEADERS);
+      expect(headers[0].title).toBe('创建');
+      expect(headers[7].title).toBe('修改所有记录（绕过共享规则）');
+      // The headers ARE the words: a legend line would only repeat them.
+      expect(screen.queryByTestId('perm-column-legend')).toBeNull();
+    },
+  );
+});
+
+describe('CONTROL — en keeps the abbreviations and their legend line (objectstack#29729)', () => {
+  it.each<Rendering>(['setup', 'studio'])('%s: C … MA, spelled out in the legend line', async (rendering) => {
+    mount('en', rendering);
+    await screen.findByText('Account');
+    const headers = actionHeaders();
+    expect(headers.map((h) => h.text)).toEqual(EN_HEADERS);
+    expect(headers[0].title).toBe('Create');
+    const legend = screen.getByTestId('perm-column-legend');
+    expect(legend).toHaveTextContent('VA');
+    expect(legend).toHaveTextContent(rendering === 'setup' ? 'View All Records' : 'View all');
+  });
+});
+
+describe("Setup's sharing-model chip reads through the catalogue (objectstack#29729)", () => {
+  it('zh names the sharing model in Chinese, with no bare OWD', async () => {
+    mount('zh', 'setup');
+    const chip = await screen.findByText(/^记录共享模型：/u, undefined, { timeout: 8000 });
+    expect(chip.textContent).toBe('记录共享模型：私有（默认）');
+    expect(chip.textContent).not.toMatch(/OWD/u);
+  });
+
+  it('CONTROL — en keeps "OWD {value}"', async () => {
+    mount('en', 'setup');
+    expect(await screen.findByText('OWD Private (default)')).toBeInTheDocument();
+  });
+});
@@ -2,14 +2,14 @@
 
 /**
  * objectui#7611 (F2) — the identity strip's provenance badge reads the layered
- * envelope, so a set a code package SHIPS reads "Package", not "Custom".
+ * envelope, so a set a code package SHIPS reads "Package", not "Added".
  *
  * ## The defect
  *
  * The badge read only `draft.managedBy` and the `packageId` prop. The registry
  * serves no `managedBy` on a permission set, and the Setup catalog (the
  * environment scope) passes no `packageId`, so every packaged set opened there
- * read "Custom" — beside the artifact lock that says a code package provides
+ * read "Added" — beside the artifact lock that says a code package provides
  * it. The editor already holds the fact that answers the question: the layered
  * envelope's `code` layer and its ADR-0010 `provenance`, read by
  * `isArtifactBackedLayer` into `codeIsArtifact` for the artifact gate. The badge
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@
  * exclusions (`PermissionMatrixEditor.artifactTier.test.tsx` pins them for the
  * lock): a set with no code layer, an organization-authored set read back with
  * a code-looking `_packageId`, and the `sys_metadata` save-path sentinel. Each
- * must still read "Custom", so the fix cannot be "always Package".
+ * must still read "Added", so the fix cannot be "always Package".
  */
 
 import '@testing-library/jest-dom/vitest';
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ async function renderMatrix() {
 const badgeText = () => screen.getByTestId('perm-provenance-badge').textContent;
 
 describe('the provenance badge reads the layered envelope (objectui#7611, F2)', () => {
-  it('a set a code package ships reads "Package" beside its lock, not "Custom"', async () => {
+  it('a set a code package ships reads "Package" beside its lock, not "Added"', async () => {
     codeLayer = { _packageId: 'com.example.showcase', name: 'showcase_contributor' };
     provenance = 'package';
     await renderMatrix();
@@ -107,21 +107,21 @@ describe('the provenance badge reads the layered envelope (objectui#7611, F2)',
     expect(screen.getByText(/^Read-only \(/)).toBeInTheDocument();
   });
 
-  it('a set with no code layer (authored in this environment) still reads "Custom"', async () => {
+  it('a set with no code layer (authored in this environment) still reads "Added"', async () => {
     await renderMatrix();
-    expect(badgeText()).toBe('Custom');
+    expect(badgeText()).toBe('Added');
   });
 
-  it('an organization-authored set read back with a code-looking _packageId still reads "Custom"', async () => {
+  it('an organization-authored set read back with a code-looking _packageId still reads "Added"', async () => {
     codeLayer = { _packageId: 'com.example.showcase', name: 'showcase_contributor' };
     provenance = 'org';
     await renderMatrix();
-    expect(badgeText()).toBe('Custom');
+    expect(badgeText()).toBe('Added');
   });
 
-  it('the sys_metadata save-path sentinel still reads "Custom"', async () => {
+  it('the sys_metadata save-path sentinel still reads "Added"', async () => {
     codeLayer = { _packageId: 'sys_metadata', name: 'showcase_contributor' };
     await renderMatrix();
-    expect(badgeText()).toBe('Custom');
+    expect(badgeText()).toBe('Added');
   });
 });