@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+---
+'@objectstack/objectql': patch
+'@objectstack/runtime': patch
+---
+
+fix(objectql,runtime)!: an app-authored hook handler's permanent delete is refused
+
+Clause-②: yes (narrowing) — the in-process `handler` of a hook bound from metadata is app-authored code, and its `ctx.api` now refuses `delete(…, { permanent })` with any value but `false`, under every `runAs`, on every api derived from it; a handler that passed the key past `HookDeleteOptions` with a cast and purged the record is refused instead.
+Metadata-protocol: none
+
+<!-- adr-0087: not-required (no-migration-prescription) No key of any schema is added, removed, renamed or re-shaped, and no metadata value changes meaning; HookDeleteOptions already omits permanent. The refusal is the 400 VALIDATION_ERROR sandboxed bodies already answer, so there is nothing for a migration to rewrite and no tombstone. -->
+
+**BREAKING** accept-set narrowing on the `ctx.api` an app-authored hook's in-process `handler` holds (`@objectstack/objectql`).
+
+App-authored code cannot delete a record permanently: its deletes enter the recycle bin, and the permanent delete stays with a principal that holds `manageRecycleBin` (ADR-0148 D3). A sandboxed hook, action or job body was already held to this. A hook bound through the hook binder with an in-process `handler` is app-authored too, and its `ctx.api.object(name).delete(…)` with `permanent` set to anything but `false` now answers `400 VALIDATION_ERROR`, `param: 'permanent'`, with the same sentence a body gets, before anything is removed. It holds under the triggering caller, under `runAs: 'user'` and under `runAs: 'system'`, by id and in bulk, and on the apis `sudo()`, `withRunAs(...)` and a transaction derive. The handler's ordinary delete (no `permanent`, or `permanent: false`) is unchanged and enters the bin.
+
+Platform code is unchanged: `engine.delete(…, { permanent: true })`, `engine.createContext(...)`, a hook registered in code with `engine.registerHook`, and `purge` / `empty` keep the permanent delete.
+
+The refusal now lives in `@objectstack/objectql` (`refuseAppAuthoredPermanentDelete`), and the runtime's sandbox applies that same refusal to every body (`@objectstack/runtime`). It reads the delete's options once, into a copy, and the delete receives that copy.
@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ import { driverSupportsTransactions } from '@objectstack/spec/data';
 import type { IScopedContext } from '@objectstack/spec/contracts';
 import { appAutomationElevationOf, markAppAutomationElevation } from '@objectstack/core';
 import { UnscopedHookApi } from './hook-run-as.js';
+import { refuseAppAuthoredPermanentDelete } from './recycle-bin/app-authored-delete.js';
 import type { HookRunAs, HookRunAsRef } from './hook-run-as.js';
 import { ObjectRepository } from './engine.js';
 import type { ObjectQL, ScopedContext } from './engine.js';
@@ -58,8 +59,13 @@ export interface ScopedContextHost {
 /** The bodies of `ScopedContext`'s methods: a stateless facet, called by the class's stubs. */
 export class ScopedContextFacet {
   /** The body of `ScopedContext#object`; the method's docblock there is its contract. */
-  static object(this: Pick<ScopedContextHost, 'engine' | 'executionContext'>, name: string): ObjectRepository {
-    return new ObjectRepository(name, this.executionContext, this.engine as any);
+  static object(this: Pick<ScopedContextHost, 'appAuthored' | 'engine' | 'executionContext'>, name: string): ObjectRepository {
+    const repo = new ObjectRepository(name, this.executionContext, this.engine as any);
+    // [ADR-0148 D3, ruling A recorded in 6691358077] An app-authored hook's
+    // api (and every api derived from it) refuses a permanent delete: the same
+    // refusal a sandboxed body's api applies, here for the hook's in-process
+    // `handler`, whatever its `runAs`.
+    return this.appAuthored ? refuseAppAuthoredPermanentDelete(name, repo, 'hook handler') : repo;
   }
 
   /** The body of `ScopedContext#sudo`; the method's docblock there is its contract. */
 
@@ -10661,7 +10661,7 @@ export class ScopedContext implements IScopedContext, RunAsDerivableApi {
   /**
    * [#25653] Set on the api an app-authored hook is handed
    * ({@link APP_AUTHORED_HOOK_API}) and kept by every api derived from it
-   * ({@link derive}); read by {@link sudo}.
+   * ({@link derive}); read by {@link sudo} and {@link object}.
    */
   private appAuthored = false;
 
@@ -10672,7 +10672,16 @@ export class ScopedContext implements IScopedContext, RunAsDerivableApi {
     return child;
   }
 
-  /** Get a repository scoped to this context */
+  /**
+   * Get a repository scoped to this context.
+   *
+   * [ADR-0148 D3, ruling A recorded in 6691358077] On an app-authored hook's
+   * api ({@link APP_AUTHORED_HOOK_API}) and every api derived from it, the
+   * repository's `delete(…, { permanent })` is refused (`400
+   * VALIDATION_ERROR`, `param: 'permanent'`): app-authored code cannot purge,
+   * so its deletes enter the recycle bin, under any `runAs`. Platform code's
+   * api is not app-authored, and keeps the engine's permanent delete.
+   */
   object(name: string): ObjectRepository {
     // [#30052 codemod] The body moved to `engine-scoped-context.ts` (see `ScopedContextHost`).
     return ScopedContextFacet.object.call(scopedContextHost.of(this), name);
 
@@ -264,6 +264,12 @@ export async function seedHookUserGrants(api: unknown): Promise<unknown> {
  *  - its `sudo()`, on it and on every api derived from it (`transaction`,
  *    `withRunAs`), marks the elevation it makes.
  *
+ * [ADR-0148 D3, ruling A recorded in 6691358077] And every repository it and
+ * the apis derived from it serve refuses a permanent delete
+ * (`refuseAppAuthoredPermanentDelete`, `recycle-bin/app-authored-delete.ts`):
+ * a hook's in-process `handler` is app-authored code, so its deletes enter the
+ * recycle bin, under the caller and under `runAs: 'system'` alike.
+ *
  * A symbol, and ⛔ not re-exported from the package entry, for the reason
  * {@link SEED_USER_GRANTS} gives.
  */
 
@@ -633,6 +633,10 @@ export { parseLifecycleDuration } from './lifecycle/duration.js';
 // [#30237, ADR-0148 D3] What a host hands `ObjectQLPlugin`'s `recycleBinRetention`.
 export type { RecycleBinRetentionSettings } from './recycle-bin/retention.js';
 export type { RecycleBinRemovalOptions } from './recycle-bin/purge.js';
+// [ADR-0148 D3, ruling A recorded in 6691358077] The one refusal of an
+// app-authored permanent delete: the engine applies it to an app-authored
+// hook's api, and the runtime's sandbox to every body's.
+export { refuseAppAuthoredPermanentDelete } from './recycle-bin/app-authored-delete.js';
 export { lifecycleSettingsManifest } from './lifecycle/lifecycle-settings.js';
 
 // [#4551] Read-only referential-integrity audit — the reporting half of the
 
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2026 ObjectStack. Licensed under the Apache-2.0 license.
+
+/**
+ * [ADR-0148 D3, ruling A recorded in 6691358077] App-authored code cannot
+ * delete a record permanently: its deletes always enter the recycle bin, and
+ * the permanent delete stays with a principal that holds `manageRecycleBin`.
+ *
+ * This module is the ONE refusal, held where every face that hands app code a
+ * scoped API can reach it:
+ *
+ *   - a sandboxed body (hook, action, job): `@objectstack/runtime`'s
+ *     `buildSandboxApi` wraps every repository the body's API serves;
+ *   - an app-authored hook's in-process `handler` (a hook bound through the
+ *     hook binder, `APP_AUTHORED_HOOK_API` in `hook-run-as.ts`): the engine's
+ *     own `ScopedContext.object()` wraps every repository of an app-authored
+ *     api, and of every api derived from it (`sudo()`, `withRunAs(...)`, a
+ *     transaction's context), so it holds under the caller and under
+ *     `runAs: 'system'` alike.
+ *
+ * The engine's `delete(…, { permanent: true })` is unchanged for every other
+ * caller (Q3 = A): platform code, a hook registered in code with
+ * `engine.registerHook`, and `engine.createContext(...)`.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * The refusal of an app-authored `delete(…, { permanent })`: `400
+ * VALIDATION_ERROR`, `param: 'permanent'`. The message names the rule, because
+ * code that asked for a purge has to learn it got none: dropping the key would
+ * delete into the bin and answer success, which reads as the purge it asked for.
+ *
+ * `face` names what asked (`'hook body'`, `'job body'`, `'hook handler'`, …).
+ */
+function appAuthoredPermanentDeleteRefusal(objectName: string, face: string): Error {
+  const err: any = new Error(
+    `A ${face} cannot delete a record permanently: app-authored code cannot purge; ` +
+      `its deletes enter the recycle bin. Remove 'permanent' from the delete of '${objectName}'.`,
+  );
+  err.developerMessage =
+    `'permanent' was passed to ctx.api.object('${objectName}').delete() in a ${face}. App-authored code ` +
+    `(hook, action and job bodies, and the in-process handler of a hook bound from metadata) cannot erase a ` +
+    `record past the recycle bin, under any execution context, a job's system envelope and a hook's ` +
+    `runAs: 'system' included; the permanent delete stays with a principal holding manageRecycleBin ` +
+    `(ADR-0148 D3).`;
+  err.code = 'VALIDATION_ERROR';
+  err.status = 400;
+  err.httpStatus = 400;
+  err.param = 'permanent';
+  err.object = objectName;
+  return err;
+}
+
+/**
+ * One repository as app-authored code holds it: `delete(options)` whose
+ * `options` carry a `permanent` key with any value but `false` is refused
+ * before the underlying verb is called, so nothing is removed and no bin entry
+ * is skipped. `false` and an absent key are the ordinary delete, and go
+ * through. Every other member is handed through.
+ *
+ * The options are read ONCE, into a shallow copy, and that copy is what the
+ * verb receives: the key judged is the key forwarded. An in-process caller can
+ * hand an object whose `permanent` answers differently on a second read (a
+ * getter, a Proxy) or is inherited rather than own; judging one read and
+ * forwarding the original would let the verb see another value than the one
+ * judged. A sandboxed body's options arrive as plain JSON, for which the copy
+ * is the same value.
+ */
+export function refuseAppAuthoredPermanentDelete<T>(objectName: string, repo: T, face: string): T {
+  if (repo === null || typeof repo !== 'object') return repo;
+  return new Proxy(repo as unknown as Record<PropertyKey, unknown>, {
+    get(target, prop) {
+      const value = Reflect.get(target, prop, target);
+      if (typeof value !== 'function') return value;
+      if (prop !== 'delete') return value.bind(target);
+      return async (...args: unknown[]) => {
+        const [options, ...rest] = args;
+        if (options === null || (typeof options !== 'object' && typeof options !== 'function')) {
+          return value.apply(target, args);
+        }
+        const judged: Record<string, unknown> = { ...(options as Record<string, unknown>) };
+        if (judged.permanent !== undefined && judged.permanent !== false) {
+          throw appAuthoredPermanentDeleteRefusal(objectName, face);
+        }
+        return value.apply(target, [judged, ...rest]);
+      };
+    },
+  }) as unknown as T;
+}
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 import { describe, it, expect } from 'vitest';
 import { RECYCLE_BIN_ENTRY_FIELDS } from '@objectstack/spec/data';
 import { ObjectQL } from '../engine.js';
+import { bindHooksToEngine } from '../hook-binder.js';
 
 type Row = Record<string, unknown>;
 
@@ -412,3 +413,130 @@ describe('empty(object)', () => {
     expect(dispatches).toEqual([]);
   });
 });
+
+/**
+ * [ADR-0148 D3, ruling A recorded in 6691358077] A hook bound from metadata
+ * (through the hook binder) is app-authored code, and so is its in-process
+ * `handler`: its `ctx.api` refuses a permanent delete as a sandboxed body's
+ * does, with the same code and sentence, under the caller and under
+ * `runAs: 'system'`, by id and in bulk, on every api derived from it. Its
+ * ordinary delete still enters the bin; platform code keeps the permanent
+ * delete.
+ */
+describe("an app-authored hook handler's permanent delete (ruling A)", () => {
+  const RULE_SENTENCE =
+    'A hook handler cannot delete a record permanently: app-authored code cannot purge; its deletes enter the recycle bin.';
+
+  /**
+   * Bind one hook through the binder, on `account`'s `beforeInsert`, whose
+   * handler runs `use(ctx.api)` and keeps what it answered or threw; then fire
+   * it once with an insert by `ORG1_USER`.
+   */
+  async function runHandler(
+    engine: ObjectQL,
+    runAs: 'inherit' | 'user' | 'system',
+    use: (api: any) => Promise<unknown>,
+  ): Promise<{ value?: unknown; error?: any }> {
+    const seen: { value?: unknown; error?: any } = {};
+    const bound = bindHooksToEngine(engine, [{
+      name: 'purge_on_create',
+      object: 'account',
+      events: ['beforeInsert'],
+      runAs,
+      handler: async (ctx: any) => {
+        try { seen.value = await use(ctx.api); } catch (e) { seen.error = e; }
+      },
+    } as any], { packageId: 'app_under_test' });
+    expect(bound).toMatchObject({ registered: 1, errors: [] });
+    await engine.insert('account', { id: 'acc_trigger', name: 'Trigger', organization_id: 'org_1' }, ORG1_USER);
+    return seen;
+  }
+
+  const lonerDispatches = (dispatches: Dispatch[]) => dispatches.filter((d) => d.object === 'loner');
+
+  for (const runAs of ['inherit', 'user', 'system'] as const) {
+    for (const [shape, options] of [
+      ['by id', { where: { id: 'l1' }, permanent: true }],
+      ['in bulk', { where: { name: 'one' }, multi: true, permanent: true }],
+    ] as const) {
+      it(`runAs '${runAs}': \`delete(…, { permanent: true })\` ${shape} is refused 400 naming the rule; nothing is removed`, async () => {
+        const { engine, driver, dispatches } = await makeEngine();
+        driver.seed('loner', { id: 'l1', name: 'one' });
+
+        const { error } = await runHandler(engine, runAs, (api) => api.object('loner').delete(options));
+
+        expect(error).toMatchObject({ code: 'VALIDATION_ERROR', status: 400, param: 'permanent', object: 'loner' });
+        expect(String(error?.message).startsWith(RULE_SENTENCE)).toBe(true);
+        expect(lonerDispatches(dispatches)).toEqual([]);
+        expect(driver.rowsOf('loner').map((r: Row) => r.id)).toEqual(['l1']);
+        expect(entriesOf(driver)).toHaveLength(0);
+      });
+    }
+  }
+
+  for (const [derivation, use] of [
+    ['`sudo()`', (api: any) => api.sudo().object('loner').delete({ where: { id: 'l1' }, permanent: true })],
+    ['`transaction(cb)`', (api: any) => api.transaction((trx: any) => trx.object('loner').delete({ where: { id: 'l1' }, permanent: true }))],
+  ] as const) {
+    it(`is refused the same way on the api ${derivation} derives`, async () => {
+      const { engine, driver, dispatches } = await makeEngine();
+      driver.seed('loner', { id: 'l1', name: 'one' });
+
+      const { error } = await runHandler(engine, 'inherit', use);
+
+      expect(error).toMatchObject({ code: 'VALIDATION_ERROR', status: 400, param: 'permanent', object: 'loner' });
+      expect(String(error?.message).startsWith(RULE_SENTENCE)).toBe(true);
+      expect(lonerDispatches(dispatches)).toEqual([]);
+      expect(driver.rowsOf('loner').map((r: Row) => r.id)).toEqual(['l1']);
+    });
+  }
+
+  it('judges the options it forwards: a `permanent` that answers differently on a second read is read once', async () => {
+    const { engine, driver, dispatches } = await makeEngine();
+    driver.seed('loner', { id: 'l1', name: 'one' });
+    let reads = 0;
+    const options = { where: { id: 'l1' }, get permanent() { reads += 1; return reads > 1; } };
+
+    const { error } = await runHandler(engine, 'system', (api) => api.object('loner').delete(options));
+
+    expect(error).toBeUndefined();
+    expect(reads).toBe(1);
+    expect(lonerDispatches(dispatches).map((d) => d.operation)).toEqual(['delete']);
+    expect(entriesOf(driver).map((e) => e.record_id)).toEqual(['l1']);
+  });
+
+  for (const runAs of ['inherit', 'system'] as const) {
+    for (const [label, options] of [
+      ['no `permanent` key', { where: { id: 'l1' } }],
+      ['`permanent: false`', { where: { id: 'l1' }, permanent: false }],
+    ] as const) {
+      it(`runAs '${runAs}': the handler's delete with ${label} is the ordinary delete, which enters the bin`, async () => {
+        const { engine, driver, dispatches } = await makeEngine();
+        driver.seed('loner', { id: 'l1', name: 'one' });
+
+        const { error } = await runHandler(engine, runAs, (api) => api.object('loner').delete(options));
+
+        expect(error).toBeUndefined();
+        expect(lonerDispatches(dispatches).map((d) => d.operation)).toEqual(['delete']);
+        expect(driver.rowsOf('loner')).toEqual([]);
+        expect(entriesOf(driver).map((e) => e.record_id)).toEqual(['l1']);
+      });
+    }
+  }
+
+  it("platform code keeps the permanent delete: a hook registered in code, and the engine's own context", async () => {
+    const { engine, driver, dispatches } = await makeEngine();
+    driver.seed('loner', { id: 'l1', name: 'one' });
+    driver.seed('loner', { id: 'l2', name: 'two' });
+    engine.registerHook('beforeInsert', async (ctx: any) => {
+      await ctx.api.object('loner').delete({ where: { id: 'l1' }, permanent: true });
+    }, { object: 'account' });
+
+    await engine.insert('account', { id: 'acc_trigger', name: 'Trigger', organization_id: 'org_1' }, ORG1_USER);
+    await engine.createContext({ isSystem: true }).object('loner').delete({ where: { id: 'l2' }, permanent: true });
+
+    expect(lonerDispatches(dispatches).map((d) => d.operation)).toEqual(['purge', 'purge']);
+    expect(driver.rowsOf('loner')).toEqual([]);
+    expect(entriesOf(driver)).toHaveLength(0);
+  });
+});