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<h1><span class="accent">1328f</span>.org</h1>
<p class="subtitle">Independent research on consumer bankruptcy attorney performance, enforcement gaps, and systemic accountability. Built on public court data. Open-source tools.</p>
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<span class="number">94</span>
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<span class="number">392,412</span>
<span class="label">Zero-Verification Discharges</span>
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<span class="number">16</span>
<span class="label">Published Reports</span>
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<span style="color:#f0f6fc;font-size:0.9rem"><strong>Accepted by the federal judiciary</strong> — Our research was accepted by the Advisory Committee on Bankruptcy Rules as <a href="https://www.uscourts.gov/rules-policies/records-and-archives-rules-committees/rules-suggestions" style="color:#58a6ff">Suggestion 26-BK-3</a></span>
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<h2>What We Do</h2>
<p>We use publicly available court data to measure consumer bankruptcy outcomes at scale. Our tools screen for statutory violations, compare attorney performance against empirical baselines, and identify patterns that affect hundreds of thousands of debtors each year.</p>
<p>Every dataset is derived from public records. Every tool is open-source. Every finding is reproducible.</p>
<p>Our <a href="https://1328f.com">Section 1328(f) Discharge Screener</a> has screened filings across all 94 federal bankruptcy districts and identified 392,412 prior filers who received discharge with zero eligibility verification. If you are considering filing again, use our <a href="https://1328f.com/check.html">Free Eligibility Screener</a> to check whether a statutory bar applies to your case, or read our guide on <a href="https://1328f.com/how-long-between-bankruptcies.html">Waiting Periods Between Filings</a>.</p>
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<!-- Featured Report -->
<h2 class="section-header">Featured</h2>
<div class="report-list">
<div class="report-card" style="border-color: #58a6ff;">
<h3><a href="/reports/bapcpa-at-20/">BAPCPA at 20: What the Data Shows</a></h3>
<div class="meta">
<span class="tag">Research</span>
March 2026
</div>
<p>Twenty years after the Bankruptcy Abuse Prevention and Consumer Protection Act, an empirical assessment of its major consumer provisions using 5.1 million cases. The <a href="https://dischargebar.org" rel="noopener" target="_blank" title="Bankruptcy Discharge Bar -- Open Bankruptcy Project">discharge bar</a>, the <a href="https://meanstest.org" rel="noopener" target="_blank" title="Bankruptcy Means Test -- Open Bankruptcy Project">means test</a>, credit counseling, filing fees, completion rates, and the attorney effect.</p>
</div>
</div>
<!-- Latest Reports -->
<h2 class="section-header">Latest Reports</h2>
<div class="report-list">
<div class="report-card">
<h3><a href="/reports/chapter-13-dismissal-rates/">Chapter 13 Dismissal Rates by District: National Analysis</a></h3>
<div class="meta">
<span class="tag">Research</span>
March 2026
</div>
<p>Chapter 13 has a national completion rate of approximately 33-40%. Dismissal rates vary by more than 30 percentage points across districts. Attorney quality is the strongest predictor of outcomes.</p>
</div>
<div class="report-card">
<h3><a href="/reports/bankruptcy-mill-definition/">What Is a Bankruptcy Mill? A Data-Driven Definition</a></h3>
<div class="meta">
<span class="tag">Research</span>
March 2026
</div>
<p>No standard empirical definition exists. This report proposes a framework using 8 measurable indicators, validated against published sanctions opinions from federal courts and state bar authorities.</p>
</div>
<div class="report-card">
<h3><a href="/reports/attorney-performance-methodology/">Measuring Bankruptcy Attorney Performance Using Public Data</a></h3>
<div class="meta">
<span class="tag">Methodology</span>
March 2026
</div>
<p>Control group construction, metric selection, statistical validation, and interpretation guidelines for measuring attorney performance using PACER data. Designed for replication in any federal district.</p>
</div>
<div class="report-card">
<h3><a href="/reports/methodology-1328f-screening/">How We Screened 5.1 Million Bankruptcy Cases</a></h3>
<div class="meta">
<span class="tag">Methodology</span>
March 2026
</div>
<p>Technical walkthrough of the <a href="https://section1328.org" rel="noopener" target="_blank" title="Section 1328 Discharge -- Open Bankruptcy Project">Section 1328</a>(f) screening methodology: data sources, filing-date-to-filing-date calculation per <em>In re Blendheim</em>, de-staling procedures, and verification.</p>
</div>
<div class="report-card">
<h3><a href="/reports/reading-pacer-attorney-record/">How to Read Your Attorney's PACER Record</a></h3>
<div class="meta">
<span class="tag">Consumer Guide</span>
March 2026
</div>
<p>A plain-English guide to using free public court records to evaluate a bankruptcy attorney's track record before you hire them.</p>
</div>
<div class="report-card">
<h3><a href="/reports/impossible-discharges/">In a Multi-District Sample, 114 Courts Granted Discharge in Verified Sample When Federal Law Said No</a></h3>
<div class="meta">
<span class="tag">Research</span>
March 2026
</div>
<p>In a multi-district sample, we identified 264 cases where <a href="https://section1328.org" rel="noopener" target="_blank" title="Section 1328 Discharge -- Open Bankruptcy Project">Section 1328</a>(f) barred discharge. 114 received discharge anyway. The actual national count is likely far higher.</p>
</div>
<div class="report-card">
<h3><a href="/reports/prior-filer-discharge-rates/">Prior-Filing Discharge Rates: National Analysis</a></h3>
<div class="meta">
<span class="tag">Research</span>
March 2026
</div>
<p>National analysis of Chapter 13 discharge rates for debtors with prior bankruptcy filings. 1,692,878 cases across 94 districts.</p>
</div>
<div class="report-card">
<h3><a href="/reports/enforcement-gap/">Who Watches the Watchmen? The Enforcement Gap</a></h3>
<div class="meta">
<span class="tag">Policy</span>
March 2026
</div>
<p>The <a href="https://www.justice.gov/ust" rel="noopener" target="_blank">U.S. Trustee Program</a> oversees bankruptcy in 88 of 94 districts, but enforcement is reactive, under-resourced, and lacks cross-district attorney tracking.</p>
</div>
<div class="report-card">
<h3><a href="/reports/filing-fee-trap/">The Filing Fee Trap</a></h3>
<div class="meta">
<span class="tag">Consumer Guide</span>
March 2026
</div>
<p>A failed Chapter 13 can cost $3,400-$5,700+ with nothing to show for it. Filing fees are non-refundable, attorney retainers are earned on filing, and your credit report carries the scar for up to 10 years.</p>
</div>
<div class="report-card">
<h3><a href="/reports/109g-filing-bar/">Section 109(g): The Filing Bar for Dismissed Debtors</a></h3>
<div class="meta">
<span class="tag">Research</span>
March 2026
</div>
<p>Explanation of <a href="https://109g.org" rel="noopener" target="_blank" title="Section 109 Eligibility -- Open Bankruptcy Project">Section 109</a>(g), the 180-day filing bar for <a href="https://dismissedbankruptcy.org" rel="noopener" target="_blank" title="Dismissed Bankruptcy Cases -- Open Bankruptcy Project">dismissed bankruptcy</a> debtors, how courts enforce it, and what the data shows about rapid refiles.</p>
</div>
<div class="report-card">
<h3><a href="/reports/727-discharge-bar/">Section 727(a)(8): The Chapter 7 Discharge Bar</a></h3>
<div class="meta">
<span class="tag">Research</span>
March 2026
</div>
<p>The Chapter 7 discharge bars for repeat filers under Sections 727(a)(8) and 727(a)(9), how they interact with <a href="https://section1328.org" rel="noopener" target="_blank" title="Section 1328 Discharge -- Open Bankruptcy Project">Section 1328</a>(f), and the complete bar window table.</p>
</div>
<div class="report-card">
<h3><a href="/reports/bapcpa-credit-counseling/">Mandatory Credit Counseling: Costs vs. Benefits</a></h3>
<div class="meta">
<span class="tag">BAPCPA</span>
March 2026
</div>
<p>BAPCPA required pre-filing credit counseling and post-filing financial management courses. After 20 years, empirical data shows the mandate's costs outweigh its measurable benefits.</p>
</div>
<div class="report-card">
<h3><a href="/reports/bapcpa-means-test-impact/">The Means Test at 20: Did It Work?</a></h3>
<div class="meta">
<span class="tag">BAPCPA</span>
March 2026
</div>
<p>Empirical analysis of BAPCPA's <a href="https://meanstest.org" rel="noopener" target="_blank" title="Bankruptcy Means Test -- Open Bankruptcy Project">means test</a> after 20 years. Data from 5.1 million cases shows whether <a href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/11/707#b_0" rel="noopener" target="_blank">Section 707(b)</a> reduced abuse or created new barriers for consumer debtors.</p>
</div>
<div class="report-card">
<h3><a href="/reports/bapcpa-repeat-filers/">Repeat Filers and the Discharge Bar: A 20-Year Assessment</a></h3>
<div class="meta">
<span class="tag">BAPCPA</span>
March 2026
</div>
<p>BAPCPA created <a href="https://section1328.org" rel="noopener" target="_blank" title="Section 1328 Discharge -- Open Bankruptcy Project">Section 1328</a>(f) to bar repeat filers from receiving Chapter 13 discharges. Data from 5.1 million cases reveals the provision is largely unenforced.</p>
</div>
<div class="report-card">
<h3><a href="/reports/bankruptcy-industry-infrastructure/">The Infrastructure of Bankruptcy Failure</a></h3>
<div class="meta">
<span class="tag">Investigation</span>
March 2026
</div>
<p>Four commercialized industries profit from consumer bankruptcy without accountability for outcomes: coverage attorney marketplaces, petition preparers, mandatory credit counseling, and debt relief steering.</p>
</div>
</div>
<p style="text-align: center; margin: 1.5rem 0;"><a href="/reports/">View all 16 reports →</a></p>
<!-- Docket Watch -->
<h2 class="section-header">Docket Watch</h2>
<p style="color: #9eaab6; margin-bottom: 1rem; font-size: 0.9rem;">Tracking enforcement actions, rule changes, and significant developments in consumer bankruptcy accountability. <a href="/watch/">View the full docket watch feed</a>.</p>
<div class="watch-item" style="border-left:3px solid #f0c14b;padding-left:1rem">
<span class="date">2026-03-24</span>
<h3>Suggestion 26-BK-3 Published on uscourts.gov</h3>
<p>Our empirical research has been <a href="https://www.uscourts.gov/rules-policies/records-and-archives-rules-committees/rules-suggestions">published on uscourts.gov</a> as Suggestion 26-BK-3 and forwarded to the Advisory Committee on Bankruptcy Rules and the Standing Committee on Rules of Practice and Procedure. The suggestion proposes amending Fed. R. Bankr. P. 4004 to require automated <a href="https://section1328.org" rel="noopener" target="_blank" title="Section 1328 Discharge -- Open Bankruptcy Project">Section 1328</a>(f) screening before discharge, supported by data from 5.1 million cases across 94 federal districts.</p>
</div>
<div class="watch-item">
<span class="date">2026-03-20</span>
<h3>Rules Committee Submission Accepted</h3>
<p>Empirical data supporting <a href="https://www.uscourts.gov/rules-policies/records-and-archives-rules-committees/rules-suggestions">Suggestion 26-BK-3</a> (Connelly/Kahn proposed amendment to Fed. R. Bankr. P. 4004) submitted to the Administrative Office of the U.S. Courts. Data covers 5.1 million cases across 94 districts with open-source screening tool.</p>
</div>
<div class="watch-item">
<span class="date">2026-03-17</span>
<h3><a href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/11/1328#f_0" rel="noopener" target="_blank">Section 1328(f)</a> Screening Complete: 392,412 Unverified Discharges</h3>
<p>Full de-staling complete across every federal bankruptcy district. 392,412 prior filers received Chapter 13 discharges with zero eligibility verification. In a verified 7-district sample, 264 sample cases were confirmed violations where debtors filed within the <a href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/11/1328#f_0" rel="noopener" target="_blank">Section 1328(f)</a> statutory bar window. Filing-date-to-filing-date methodology per <em>In re Blendheim</em>.</p>
</div>
<!-- Legal References -->
<h2 class="section-header">Legal References</h2>
<div class="report-list">
<div class="report-card">
<p>All research references the following federal statutes and rules. Full text available from the Legal Information Institute at Cornell Law School.</p>
<ul style="list-style: none; padding: 0;">
<li style="padding: 0.5rem 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #30363d;"><a href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/11/1328">11 U.S.C. Section 1328</a> - Discharge (including subsection (f) <a href="https://dischargebar.org" rel="noopener" target="_blank" title="Bankruptcy Discharge Bar -- Open Bankruptcy Project">discharge bar</a>)</li>
<li style="padding: 0.5rem 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #30363d;"><a href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/11/727">11 U.S.C. Section 727</a> - Discharge under Chapter 7 (including (a)(8) and (a)(9) time bars)</li>
<li style="padding: 0.5rem 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #30363d;"><a href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/11/109">11 U.S.C. Section 109</a> - Who may be a debtor (including (g) filing bar)</li>
<li style="padding: 0.5rem 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #30363d;"><a href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/11/329">11 U.S.C. Section 329</a> - Debtor's transactions with attorneys (<a href="https://section329.org" rel="noopener" target="_blank" title="Section 329 Fee Disgorgement -- Open Bankruptcy Project">fee disgorgement</a>)</li>
<li style="padding: 0.5rem 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #30363d;"><a href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/rules/frbp/rule_4004">Fed. R. Bankr. P. 4004</a> - Granting or Denying a Discharge</li>
<li style="padding: 0.5rem 0;"><a href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/28/2075">28 U.S.C. Section 2075</a> - Bankruptcy Rules Enabling Act</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<!-- Tools -->
<h2 class="section-header">Tools</h2>
<p style="color: #9eaab6; margin-bottom: 1rem; font-size: 0.9rem;">All tools are free, open-source, and run on public federal court data. <a href="/tools/">View all available tools and resources</a>.</p>
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<h3>1328(f) Discharge Screener</h3>
<p>Check whether Section 1328(f) bars discharge in a specific case. Client-side only - no data collected.</p>
<a class="btn" href="https://1328f.com/check.html">Use Screener</a>
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<h3>National District Map</h3>
<p>Interactive map of all 94 federal bankruptcy districts with screening status, violation counts, and prior-filer rates.</p>
<a class="btn" href="https://1328f.com">View Map</a>
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<h3>Source Code</h3>
<p>All tools are open-source. Inspect the methodology, run your own analysis, or contribute improvements.</p>
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<h3>Houston</h3>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0;">S.D. Tex.</p>
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<h3>St. Louis</h3>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0;">E.D. Mo.</p>
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<h3>New York</h3>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0;">S.D.N.Y.</p>
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<p style="color:#f0f6fc;font-weight:600;font-size:1.05rem;margin:0 0 0.75rem 0">Further Reading & Resources</p>
<p style="color:#9eaab6;font-size:0.85rem;margin:0 0 1rem 0">Authority sources for deeper research on the Open Bankruptcy Project and 1328(f) research:</p>
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<li style="margin-bottom:0.5rem"><a href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/11/1328" rel="noopener" style="color:#58a6ff;font-size:0.9rem;text-decoration:none" target="_blank">11 U.S.C. Section 1328(f)</a><br/><span style="color:#7d8590;font-size:0.8rem">Cornell LII -- discharge bar</span></li>
<li style="margin-bottom:0.5rem"><a href="https://www.uscourts.gov/rules-policies/records-and-archives-rules-committees/rules-suggestions" rel="noopener" style="color:#58a6ff;font-size:0.9rem;text-decoration:none" target="_blank">Federal Rules Suggestions</a><br/><span style="color:#7d8590;font-size:0.8rem">26-BK-3 submission</span></li>
<li style="margin-bottom:0.5rem"><a href="https://www.fjc.gov/research/idb" rel="noopener" style="color:#58a6ff;font-size:0.9rem;text-decoration:none" target="_blank">FJC Integrated Database</a><br/><span style="color:#7d8590;font-size:0.8rem">Source data for this research</span></li>
<li style="margin-bottom:0.5rem"><a href="https://pacer.uscourts.gov/" rel="noopener" style="color:#58a6ff;font-size:0.9rem;text-decoration:none" target="_blank">PACER</a><br/><span style="color:#7d8590;font-size:0.8rem">Public Access to Court Electronic Records</span></li>
<li style="margin-bottom:0.5rem"><a href="https://www.courtlistener.com/recap/" rel="noopener" style="color:#58a6ff;font-size:0.9rem;text-decoration:none" target="_blank">RECAP Archive</a><br/><span style="color:#7d8590;font-size:0.8rem">Free Law Project -- free PACER docs</span></li>
<li style="margin-bottom:0.5rem"><a href="https://commission.abi.org/" rel="noopener" style="color:#58a6ff;font-size:0.9rem;text-decoration:none" target="_blank">ABI Commission</a><br/><span style="color:#7d8590;font-size:0.8rem">American Bankruptcy Institute reform</span></li>
<li style="margin-bottom:0.5rem"><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%221328%28f%29%22+discharge+bar+bankruptcy" rel="noopener" style="color:#58a6ff;font-size:0.9rem;text-decoration:none" target="_blank">1328(f) Research</a><br/><span style="color:#7d8590;font-size:0.8rem">Google Scholar</span></li>
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