diff --git a/src/printer.mjs b/src/printer.mjs
index a9f06c170..7a05593e5 100644
--- a/src/printer.mjs
+++ b/src/printer.mjs
@@ -1622,6 +1622,27 @@ function printAssignmentRight(
   return [" ", ref, printedRight];
 }
 
+// Without parentheses, `new` only accepts a class name or a variable,
+// possibly with property and static property lookups. Anything else, like
+// `new ($a ?? $b)()`, must keep them or it changes meaning or stops parsing.
+function isNewClassReference(node) {
+  switch (node.kind) {
+    case "name":
+    case "variable":
+    case "selfreference":
+    case "staticreference":
+    case "parentreference":
+      return true;
+    case "propertylookup":
+    case "nullsafepropertylookup":
+      return isNewClassReference(node.what);
+    case "staticlookup":
+      return node.offset.kind === "variable" && isNewClassReference(node.what);
+    default:
+      return false;
+  }
+}
+
 function needsHardlineAfterDanglingComment(node) {
   if (!node.comments) {
     return false;
@@ -2223,7 +2244,7 @@ function printNode(path, options, print) {
           group(print("what"))
         );
       } else {
-        const isExpression = ["call", "offsetlookup"].includes(node.what.kind);
+        const isExpression = !isNewClassReference(node.what);
         const printed = [
           isExpression ? "(" : "",
           print("what"),
diff --git a/tests/new/__snapshots__/jsfmt.spec.mjs.snap b/tests/new/__snapshots__/jsfmt.spec.mjs.snap
index 177c147da..1abbca35e 100644
--- a/tests/new/__snapshots__/jsfmt.spec.mjs.snap
+++ b/tests/new/__snapshots__/jsfmt.spec.mjs.snap
@@ -1,5 +1,82 @@
 // Jest Snapshot v1, https://jestjs.io/docs/snapshot-testing
 
+exports[`class-expression.php 1`] = `
+====================================options=====================================
+parsers: ["php"]
+phpVersion: "8.3"
+printWidth: 80
+                                                                                | printWidth
+=====================================input======================================
+<?php
+$a = new ($x ?? $y)($z);
+$b = new ($x . "Suffix")();
+$c = new (Foo::BAR)();
+$d = new ("Foo")();
+$e = new ((string) $x)();
+$f = new ($cond ? A::class : B::class)();
+$g = new ($a->factory()->class)();
+$h = new (static::$classes[$k] ?? Fallback::class)($z);
+$i = new ($a->b)();
+$j = new (static::$class)();
+$k = new ($classes[$k])();
+$l = new ($this->factory())();
+
+=====================================output=====================================
+<?php
+$a = new ($x ?? $y)($z);
+$b = new ($x . "Suffix")();
+$c = new (Foo::BAR)();
+$d = new ("Foo")();
+$e = new ((string) $x)();
+$f = new ($cond ? A::class : B::class)();
+$g = new ($a->factory()->class)();
+$h = new (static::$classes[$k] ?? Fallback::class)($z);
+$i = new $a->b();
+$j = new static::$class();
+$k = new ($classes[$k])();
+$l = new ($this->factory())();
+
+================================================================================
+`;
+
+exports[`class-expression.php 2`] = `
+====================================options=====================================
+parsers: ["php"]
+printWidth: 80
+                                                                                | printWidth
+=====================================input======================================
+<?php
+$a = new ($x ?? $y)($z);
+$b = new ($x . "Suffix")();
+$c = new (Foo::BAR)();
+$d = new ("Foo")();
+$e = new ((string) $x)();
+$f = new ($cond ? A::class : B::class)();
+$g = new ($a->factory()->class)();
+$h = new (static::$classes[$k] ?? Fallback::class)($z);
+$i = new ($a->b)();
+$j = new (static::$class)();
+$k = new ($classes[$k])();
+$l = new ($this->factory())();
+
+=====================================output=====================================
+<?php
+$a = new ($x ?? $y)($z);
+$b = new ($x . "Suffix")();
+$c = new (Foo::BAR)();
+$d = new ("Foo")();
+$e = new ((string) $x)();
+$f = new ($cond ? A::class : B::class)();
+$g = new ($a->factory()->class)();
+$h = new (static::$classes[$k] ?? Fallback::class)($z);
+$i = new $a->b();
+$j = new static::$class();
+$k = new ($classes[$k])();
+$l = new ($this->factory())();
+
+================================================================================
+`;
+
 exports[`new.php 1`] = `
 ====================================options=====================================
 parsers: ["php"]
diff --git a/tests/new/class-expression.php b/tests/new/class-expression.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..cac9b3af7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/new/class-expression.php
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+<?php
+$a = new ($x ?? $y)($z);
+$b = new ($x . "Suffix")();
+$c = new (Foo::BAR)();
+$d = new ("Foo")();
+$e = new ((string) $x)();
+$f = new ($cond ? A::class : B::class)();
+$g = new ($a->factory()->class)();
+$h = new (static::$classes[$k] ?? Fallback::class)($z);
+$i = new ($a->b)();
+$j = new (static::$class)();
+$k = new ($classes[$k])();
+$l = new ($this->factory())();