@@ -2008,10 +2008,8 @@ export class ChartView {
         }, 0);
       }
       // A governed release whose re-acquire raced ahead of this event deferred
-      // its restoreContext() (see _recoverContext). Schedule the retry on the
-      // next task rather than calling it here: restoreContext() invoked
-      // synchronously inside the webglcontextlost dispatch is also ignored by
-      // Chromium — it must run after the loss event fully unwinds.
+      // its rebuild (see _recoverContext). Schedule the retry on the next task
+      // rather than rebuilding here, after the loss event fully unwinds.
       if (governedRelease && this._ctxRecoverRequested && !this._destroyed && this._ctxVisible) {
         this._ctxRecoverRequested = false;
         setTimeout(() => {
@@ -2211,10 +2209,10 @@ export class ChartView {
     this._ctxSnapshot = null;
   }
 
-  // Re-acquire on scroll-into-view. Governed releases undo via
-  // restoreContext() -> the existing restored handler rebuilds; a real
-  // browser eviction cannot be force-restored, so the canvas is swapped for a
-  // fresh one and rebuilt from the retained spec + payload.
+  // Re-acquire on scroll-into-view / pointer entry. Governed releases and real
+  // browser evictions recover the same way: the canvas is swapped for a fresh
+  // one and rebuilt from the retained spec + payload (see below for why the
+  // released canvas is never restoreContext()ed).
   _recoverContext() {
     if (this._destroyed || !this._glLost) return;
     if (this._glHost) {
@@ -2225,29 +2223,28 @@ export class ChartView {
       return;
     }
     // Governed release, but its webglcontextlost event has not dispatched yet
-    // (scrolled back into view in the same task it was released). Chromium
-    // drops a restoreContext() issued before the loss event, stranding the
-    // context lost forever — so defer; the loss handler re-invokes us once the
-    // event lands (and restoreContext is then honored).
+    // (scrolled back into view in the same task it was released). The loss
+    // handler owns the loss bookkeeping (counter, seq bump, quiesce) and it is
+    // bound to the canvas being replaced — rebuilding first would strand that
+    // event on a canvas nobody listens to. Defer; the loss handler re-invokes
+    // us once the event lands.
     if (this._ctxReleasedExt && this._ctxLostPending) {
       this._ctxRecoverRequested = true;
       return;
     }
     this._ctxRecoveries += 1;
     if (this._ctxReleasedExt) {
-      const ext = this._ctxReleasedExt;
+      // Never restoreContext() the released canvas. Chromium (observed in 151)
+      // can bring that context back fully healthy — draws, readPixels and
+      // picking all succeed, the stamp reads "live" — while the compositor
+      // presents the canvas's frames as empty for good: a chart released while
+      // its tab sat hidden came back blank and no redraw could show it. Only a
+      // fresh canvas element presents again, so a governed release re-acquires
+      // exactly like a real eviction: cloned canvas + §18/§27 rebuild.
+      // Reserve first so the governor sheds an off-screen peer before this
+      // frame creates its replacement context.
       this._ctxReleasedExt = null;
-      try {
-        // Reserve before asking the browser to restore. The restored event is
-        // asynchronous, so the pending reservation must count against later
-        // recoveries in the same IntersectionObserver delivery.
-        XY_CONTEXT_GOVERNOR.reserve(this);
-        ext.restoreContext(); // restored event -> full rebuild
-        return;
-      } catch (_err) {
-        XY_CONTEXT_GOVERNOR.cancel(this);
-        // Extension refused (context was also evicted for real): fall through.
-      }
+      XY_CONTEXT_GOVERNOR.reserve(this);
     }
     this._rebuildEvictedContext();
   }
@@ -2363,10 +2360,18 @@ export class ChartView {
       return; // context pressure persists; the next visibility pass retries
     }
     this._ctxRecoveryDelay = 0;
+    this._contextRestoreCount += 1;
+    this._contextRecoveryError = null;
     this.canvas.dataset.xyCtx = "live";
     XY_CONTEXT_GOVERNOR._announceLive(); // rebuilt on a fresh canvas; peers rebalance
     this._scheduleViewRequest(this.view, { delay: 0 });
     this._dropContextSnapshot();
+    // Same contract as the restored handler: a loss is answered by exactly one
+    // restore, whichever path (§28 telemetry stays consistent across both).
+    this._dispatchChartEvent("context_restored", {
+      loss_count: this._contextLossCount,
+      restore_count: this._contextRestoreCount,
+    });
   }
 
   // Visibility feed for the governor: tracks least-recently-visible order and
 
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ Object.assign(ChartView.prototype, {
         lassoHandleDrag.moved = true;
         lassoHandleDrag.interactionId = ++this._interactionSeq;
       }
-      const rect = c.getBoundingClientRect();
+      const rect = this.canvas.getBoundingClientRect();
       const cssX = Math.max(0, Math.min(rect.width, e.clientX - rect.left));
       const cssY = Math.max(0, Math.min(rect.height, e.clientY - rect.top));
       this._lassoPolygon[lassoHandleDrag.index] = this._dataFromCanvas(cssX, cssY);
@@ -159,11 +159,11 @@ Object.assign(ChartView.prototype, {
     }
 
     const dataAt = (clientX, clientY) => {
-      const r = c.getBoundingClientRect();
+      const r = this.canvas.getBoundingClientRect();
       return this._dataFromCanvas(clientX - r.left, clientY - r.top);
     };
     const lassoPointAt = (clientX, clientY) => {
-      const r = c.getBoundingClientRect();
+      const r = this.canvas.getBoundingClientRect();
       const cssX = Math.max(0, Math.min(r.width, clientX - r.left));
       const cssY = Math.max(0, Math.min(r.height, clientY - r.top));
       return {
@@ -414,7 +414,7 @@ Object.assign(ChartView.prototype, {
       if (!this._interactionFlag("wheel_zoom", true)) return;
       e.preventDefault();
       const f = Math.pow(1.0015, e.deltaY);
-      const r = c.getBoundingClientRect();
+      const r = this.canvas.getBoundingClientRect();
       const fx = (e.clientX - r.left) / r.width;
       const fy = 1 - (e.clientY - r.top) / r.height;
       this._queueWheelZoom(f, fx, fy);
 
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+Charts no longer come back blank after the shared WebGL context budget
+released them while their tab was hidden. A released chart used to revive with
+`restoreContext()` on the same canvas, and Chrome can restore that context
+fully healthy — draws, `readPixels`, and picking all succeed — while never
+presenting the canvas element again, so the data layer stayed invisible under
+intact axes until a page reload. Governed releases now re-acquire the way a
+real eviction does: on a fresh canvas element, rebuilt from the retained spec
+and payload.
+Gestures follow the chart onto that fresh canvas: wheel zoom, drag, and hover
+read their geometry from the live canvas rather than the one they were first
+bound to, which previously sent a zoom after any context rebuild to infinity.
@@ -760,14 +760,21 @@ already reports an off-screen iframe's chart as not-intersecting (it clips to th
 top-level viewport), so the visibility signal is correct across the frame boundary; the
 budget accounting was the only gap.
 
-Two subtleties the implementation must get right. **(1) Restore ordering.** A governed
-release is `WEBGL_lose_context.loseContext()`; re-acquire is `restoreContext()`. Chromium
-*silently drops* a `restoreContext()` issued before that context's `webglcontextlost`
-event has dispatched (or synchronously inside the dispatch), stranding the canvas lost
-forever — and a chart scrolled back into view in the same task it was shed hits exactly
-that window. Recovery therefore defers until the loss event lands (`_ctxLostPending`)
-and retries on a fresh task; a released chart that never re-acquired on scroll-in was the
-first symptom. **(2) Incremental shedding.** Frames over budget release *one* off-screen
+Two subtleties the implementation must get right. **(1) Re-acquire on a fresh canvas,
+after the loss event.** A governed release is `WEBGL_lose_context.loseContext()`; re-acquire
+is *never* `restoreContext()` on that canvas. Chromium (observed in 151) can restore the
+context fully healthy — draws, `readPixels` and picking all succeed, the stamp reads
+`live` — while the compositor presents that canvas element's frames as empty for good: a
+chart released by a peer tab while its own tab sat hidden came back blank, and no redraw
+(hover, resize, backing-store reset, a second lose/restore cycle) could show it. Only a
+fresh canvas element presents again, so a governed release re-acquires exactly like a real
+eviction: cloned canvas plus the §18/§27 rebuild (`_rebuildEvictedContext`), reserving
+with the governor first so an off-screen peer is shed before the replacement context is
+created. The rebuild still waits for the release's `webglcontextlost` event to land
+(`_ctxLostPending`, retried on a fresh task): the loss bookkeeping is bound to the canvas
+being replaced, and a chart scrolled back into view in the same task it was shed would
+otherwise strand that event. Either path answers a loss with exactly one
+`context_restored`. **(2) Incremental shedding.** Frames over budget release *one* off-screen
 view per event-loop turn, not the whole computed excess: several frames observing the
 same over-budget snapshot would each drop the full deficit and collectively over-release,
 so each sheds one, announces, and re-evaluates against the fresher count — converging on
 
@@ -271,8 +271,9 @@ def test_dashboard_benchmark_reports_eviction_and_scroll_telemetry() -> None:
 
 
 def test_context_governor_reserves_pending_restores() -> None:
-    """Concurrent visibility callbacks must count restores before their
-    asynchronous ``webglcontextrestored`` events acquire the contexts."""
+    """A governed re-acquire reserves with the governor before rebuilding on a
+    fresh canvas (never ``restoreContext()`` on the released one, §18), so an
+    off-screen peer is shed before the replacement context is created."""
     client = (ROOT / "js" / "src" / "50_chartview.ts").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
 
     assert "view._ctxPendingReservation" in client
@@ -282,8 +283,9 @@ def test_context_governor_reserves_pending_restores() -> None:
     assert "WebGL2 unavailable in this browser" not in init_gl
     recover = client.index("  _recoverContext() {")
     reserve = client.index("XY_CONTEXT_GOVERNOR.reserve(this);", recover)
-    restore = client.index("ext.restoreContext();", recover)
-    assert reserve < restore
+    rebuild = client.index("this._rebuildEvictedContext();", recover)
+    assert reserve < rebuild
+    assert ".restoreContext(" not in client[recover:rebuild]
 
     snapshot = client[client.index("_snapshotBeforeRelease()") : recover]
     draw = snapshot.index("this._drawNow();")
 
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
 
 import base64
 import json
+import math
 import re
 from pathlib import Path
 
@@ -1840,6 +1841,25 @@ def test_mixed_size_presentation_at_device_pixel_ratio_two(tmp_path: Path) -> No
       const equilibriumSum = lossSum();
       const revived = views.find((view) => view._glLost);
       const revivedIndex = views.indexOf(revived);
+      const revivedCanvasBefore = revived.canvas;
+      // A governed re-acquire must never restoreContext() the released canvas
+      // (Chromium can present it blank for good, §18): count every call.
+      let restoreContextCalls = 0;
+      const countRestores = (ext) => {
+        if (!ext || ext.__xyCounted) return ext;
+        const restore = ext.restoreContext.bind(ext);
+        ext.restoreContext = () => { restoreContextCalls += 1; restore(); };
+        ext.__xyCounted = true;
+        return ext;
+      };
+      // The extension cached at release time is the one a same-canvas
+      // restore would use; extensions fetched later go through the prototype.
+      const revivedExtCounted = !!countRestores(revived._ctxReleasedExt);
+      const getExtension = WebGL2RenderingContext.prototype.getExtension;
+      WebGL2RenderingContext.prototype.getExtension = function (name) {
+        const ext = getExtension.call(this, name);
+        return name === "WEBGL_lose_context" ? countRestores(ext) : ext;
+      };
       revived._recoverContext();
       await settleOn(
         "budget rotation after revival",
@@ -1848,6 +1868,13 @@ def test_mixed_size_presentation_at_device_pixel_ratio_two(tmp_path: Path) -> No
       const afterRevival = {
         revivedIndex,
         revivedStamp: revived.canvas.dataset.xyCtx,
+        revivedFreshCanvas:
+          revived.canvas !== revivedCanvasBefore &&
+          revived.canvas.isConnected &&
+          !revivedCanvasBefore.isConnected &&
+          revived.gl.canvas === revived.canvas,
+        restoreContextCalls,
+        revivedExtCounted,
         stamps: views.map((view) => view.canvas.dataset.xyCtx),
         lossCounts: views.map((view) => view._contextLossCount),
         restoreCounts: views.map((view) => view._contextRestoreCount),
@@ -1861,6 +1888,28 @@ def test_mixed_size_presentation_at_device_pixel_ratio_two(tmp_path: Path) -> No
         },
         zoomedRestoreCount: zoomed._contextRestoreCount,
       };
+      // Gestures must follow the view onto its fresh canvas: the interaction
+      // handlers move with it, and their geometry must read the live canvas,
+      // not the detached one they were bound to (wheel zoom went to
+      // +-Infinity off a zero rect after a rebuild).
+      const wheelBefore = [...revived._axisRange("x")];
+      const revivedRect = revived.canvas.getBoundingClientRect();
+      revived.canvas.dispatchEvent(new WheelEvent("wheel", {
+        deltaY: -600,
+        clientX: revivedRect.left + revivedRect.width / 2,
+        clientY: revivedRect.top + revivedRect.height / 2,
+        bubbles: true,
+        cancelable: true,
+      }));
+      await settleOn(
+        "wheel zoom after revival",
+        () => {
+          const [x0, x1] = revived._axisRange("x");
+          return Number.isFinite(x0) && Number.isFinite(x1) &&
+            x1 - x0 < wheelBefore[1] - wheelBefore[0];
+        },
+      );
+      afterRevival.wheelZoom = { before: wheelBefore, after: [...revived._axisRange("x")] };
       document.body.setAttribute("data-xy-governed-fallback-probe", JSON.stringify({
         afterCreation,
         registryHostExists,
@@ -1924,10 +1973,12 @@ def assert_governed_equilibrium(state: dict) -> None:
         assert state["snapshots"] == 2, result
 
     creation = result["afterCreation"]
-    # Opting out really is per-chart native WebGL: one context per canvas, no
-    # shared host anywhere, and every view registered with the governor.
+    # Opting out really is per-chart native WebGL: every acquisition is its own
+    # context (no shared host anywhere — a governed revival rebuilds on a fresh
+    # canvas, so the cascade mints more than the four initial contexts), and
+    # every view is registered with the governor.
     assert creation["webgl2Acquisitions"] >= 4, result
-    assert creation["uniqueWebgl2Contexts"] == 4, result
+    assert creation["uniqueWebgl2Contexts"] == creation["webgl2Acquisitions"], result
     assert creation["hostless"] == [True] * 4, result
     assert creation["governorRegistered"] == [True] * 4, result
     assert creation["glHostMarkers"] == [None] * 4, result
@@ -1944,6 +1995,19 @@ def assert_governed_equilibrium(state: dict) -> None:
     assert_governed_equilibrium(revival)
     assert revival["stamps"][revival["revivedIndex"]] == "live", result
     assert revival["revivedStamp"] == "live", result
+    # The released canvas is retired, never restoreContext()ed: Chromium can
+    # bring a restored context back healthy yet present that canvas blank for
+    # good (a chart released while its tab sat hidden came back empty). Only
+    # a fresh canvas element presents again (§18).
+    assert revival["revivedFreshCanvas"] is True, result
+    assert revival["revivedExtCounted"] is True, result
+    assert revival["restoreContextCalls"] == 0, result
+    # Wheel zoom on the fresh canvas still zooms about the pointer: finite,
+    # narrower than before, inside the previous range.
+    before, after = revival["wheelZoom"]["before"], revival["wheelZoom"]["after"]
+    assert all(math.isfinite(v) for v in after), result
+    assert before[0] <= after[0] < after[1] <= before[1], result
+    assert after[1] - after[0] < before[1] - before[0], result
     assert revival["liveCount"] == 2, result
     assert sum(revival["lossCounts"]) > sum(creation["lossCounts"]), result
     assert revival["revivedLit"] > 0, result