TrimTrailingZeros and AvoidScientificNotation bool variables (#389)

* Added varible TrimTrailingZeros
* Scientific Notation support on serialization to honor negative precision scenarios

---------

Co-authored-by: vasilbekk <vasilbekk@mail.ru>
Co-authored-by: vasilbekk <70901384+vasilbekk@users.noreply.github.com>

Author: JohnAD

decimal.go

@@ -65,6 +65,19 @@ var PowPrecisionNegativeExponent = 16
 // silently lose precision.
 var MarshalJSONWithoutQuotes = false
 
+// TrimTrailingZeros specifies whether trailing zeroes should be trimmed from a string representation of decimal.
+// If set to true, trailing zeroes will be truncated (2.00 -> 2, 3.11 -> 3.11, 13.000 -> 13),
+// otherwise trailing zeroes will be preserved (2.00 -> 2.00, 3.11 -> 3.11, 13.000 -> 13.000).
+// Setting this value to false can be useful for APIs where exact decimal string representation matters.
+var TrimTrailingZeros = true
+
+// AvoidScientificNotation specifies whether scientific notation should be used when decimal is turned
+// into a string that has a "negative" precision.
+//
+// For example, 1200 rounded to the nearest 100 cannot accurately be shown as "1200" because the last two
+// digits are unknown. With this set to false, that number would be expressed as "1.2E3" instead.
+var AvoidScientificNotation = true
+
 // ExpMaxIterations specifies the maximum number of iterations needed to calculate
 // precise natural exponent value using ExpHullAbrham method.
 var ExpMaxIterations = 1000
@@ -1476,7 +1489,7 @@ func (d Decimal) InexactFloat64() float64 {
 //
 //	-12.345
 func (d Decimal) String() string {
-	return d.string(true)
+	return d.string(TrimTrailingZeros, AvoidScientificNotation)
 }
 
 // StringFixed returns a rounded fixed-point string with places digits after
@@ -1490,10 +1503,12 @@ func (d Decimal) String() string {
 //	NewFromFloat(5.45).StringFixed(1) // output: "5.5"
 //	NewFromFloat(5.45).StringFixed(2) // output: "5.45"
 //	NewFromFloat(5.45).StringFixed(3) // output: "5.450"
-//	NewFromFloat(545).StringFixed(-1) // output: "550"
+//	NewFromFloat(545).StringFixed(-1) // output: "540"
+//
+// Regardless of the `AvoidScientificNotation` option, the returned string will never be in scientific notation.
 func (d Decimal) StringFixed(places int32) string {
 	rounded := d.Round(places)
-	return rounded.string(false)
+	return rounded.string(false, true)
 }
 
 // StringFixedBank returns a banker rounded fixed-point string with places digits
@@ -1508,16 +1523,20 @@ func (d Decimal) StringFixed(places int32) string {
 //	NewFromFloat(5.45).StringFixedBank(2) // output: "5.45"
 //	NewFromFloat(5.45).StringFixedBank(3) // output: "5.450"
 //	NewFromFloat(545).StringFixedBank(-1) // output: "540"
+//
+// Regardless of the `AvoidScientificNotation` option, the returned string will never be in scientific notation.
 func (d Decimal) StringFixedBank(places int32) string {
 	rounded := d.RoundBank(places)
-	return rounded.string(false)
+	return rounded.string(false, true)
 }
 
 // StringFixedCash returns a Swedish/Cash rounded fixed-point string. For
 // more details see the documentation at function RoundCash.
+//
+// Regardless of the `AvoidScientificNotation` option, the returned string will never be in scientific notation.
 func (d Decimal) StringFixedCash(interval uint8) string {
 	rounded := d.RoundCash(interval)
-	return rounded.string(false)
+	return rounded.string(false, true)
 }
 
 // Round rounds the decimal to places decimal places.
@@ -1526,7 +1545,7 @@ func (d Decimal) StringFixedCash(interval uint8) string {
 // Example:
 //
 //	NewFromFloat(5.45).Round(1).String() // output: "5.5"
-//	NewFromFloat(545).Round(-1).String() // output: "550"
+//	NewFromFloat(545).Round(-1).String() // output: "550" (with AvoidScientificNotation, "5.5E2" otherwise)
 func (d Decimal) Round(places int32) Decimal {
 	if d.exp == -places {
 		return d
@@ -1911,10 +1930,17 @@ func (d Decimal) StringScaled(exp int32) string {
 	return d.rescale(exp).String()
 }
 
-func (d Decimal) string(trimTrailingZeros bool) string {
-	if d.exp >= 0 {
+func (d Decimal) string(trimTrailingZeros, avoidScientificNotation bool) string {
+	if d.exp == 0 {
 		return d.rescale(0).value.String()
 	}
+	if d.exp >= 0 {
+		if avoidScientificNotation {
+			return d.rescale(0).value.String()
+		} else {
+			return d.ScientificNotationString()
+		}
+	}
 
 	abs := new(big.Int).Abs(d.value)
 	str := abs.String()
@@ -1956,6 +1982,31 @@ func (d Decimal) string(trimTrailingZeros bool) string {
 	return number
 }
 
+// ScientificNotationString serializes the decimal into standard scientific notation.
+//
+// The notation is normalized to have one non-zero digit followed by a decimal point and
+// the remaining significant digits followed by "E" and the base-10 exponent.
+//
+// A zero, which has no significant digits, is simply serialized to "0".
+func (d Decimal) ScientificNotationString() string {
+	exp := int(d.exp)
+	intStr := new(big.Int).Abs(d.value).String()
+	if intStr == "0" {
+		return intStr
+	}
+	first := intStr[0]
+	var remaining string
+	if len(intStr) > 1 {
+		remaining = "." + intStr[1:]
+		exp = exp + len(intStr) - 1
+	}
+	number := string(first) + remaining + "E" + strconv.Itoa(exp)
+	if d.value.Sign() < 0 {
+		return "-" + number
+	}
+	return number
+}
+
 func (d *Decimal) ensureInitialized() {
 	if d.value == nil {
 		d.value = new(big.Int)

decimal_test.go

@@ -3661,3 +3661,141 @@ func ExampleNewFromFloat() {
 	//0.123123123123123
 	//-10000000000000
 }
+
+func TestDecimal_String(t *testing.T) {
+	type testData struct {
+		input    string
+		expected string
+	}
+
+	tests := []testData{
+		{"1.22", "1.22"},
+		{"1.00", "1"},
+		{"153.192", "153.192"},
+		{"999.999", "999.999"},
+		{"0.0000000001", "0.0000000001"},
+		{"0.0000000000", "0"},
+	}
+
+	for _, test := range tests {
+		d, err := NewFromString(test.input)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		} else if d.String() != test.expected {
+			t.Errorf("expected %s, got %s", test.expected, d.String())
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestDecimal_StringWithTrailing(t *testing.T) {
+	type testData struct {
+		input    string
+		expected string
+	}
+
+	defer func() {
+		TrimTrailingZeros = true
+	}()
+
+	TrimTrailingZeros = false
+	tests := []testData{
+		{"1.00", "1.00"},
+		{"0.00", "0.00"},
+		{"129.123000", "129.123000"},
+		{"1.0000E3", "1000.0"}, // 1000 to the nearest tenth
+		{"10000E-1", "1000.0"}, // 1000 to the nearest tenth
+	}
+
+	for _, test := range tests {
+		d, err := NewFromString(test.input)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		} else if d.String() != test.expected {
+			x := d.String()
+			fmt.Println(x)
+			t.Errorf("expected %s, got %s", test.expected, d.String())
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestDecimal_StringWithScientificNotationWhenNeeded(t *testing.T) {
+	type testData struct {
+		input    string
+		expected string
+	}
+
+	defer func() {
+		AvoidScientificNotation = true
+	}()
+	AvoidScientificNotation = false
+
+	tests := []testData{
+		{"1.0E3", "1.0E3"},   // 1000 to the nearest hundred
+		{"1.00E3", "1.00E3"}, // 1000 to the nearest ten
+		{"1.000E3", "1000"},  // 1000 to the nearest one
+		{"1E3", "1E3"},       // 1000 to the nearest thousand
+		{"-1E3", "-1E3"},     // -1000 to the nearest thousand
+	}
+
+	for _, test := range tests {
+		d, err := NewFromString(test.input)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		} else if d.String() != test.expected {
+			x := d.String()
+			fmt.Println(x)
+			t.Errorf("expected %s, got %s", test.expected, d.String())
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestDecimal_ScientificNotation(t *testing.T) {
+	type testData struct {
+		input    string
+		expected string
+	}
+
+	tests := []testData{
+		{"1", "1E0"},
+		{"1.0", "1.0E0"},
+		{"10", "1.0E1"},
+		{"123", "1.23E2"},
+		{"1234", "1.234E3"},
+		{"-1", "-1E0"},
+		{"-10", "-1.0E1"},
+		{"-123", "-1.23E2"},
+		{"-1234", "-1.234E3"},
+		{"0.1", "1E-1"},
+		{"0.01", "1E-2"},
+		{"0.123", "1.23E-1"},
+		{"1.23", "1.23E0"},
+		{"-0.1", "-1E-1"},
+		{"-0.01", "-1E-2"},
+		{"-0.010", "-1.0E-2"},
+		{"-0.123", "-1.23E-1"},
+		{"-1.23", "-1.23E0"},
+		{"1E6", "1E6"},
+		{"1e6", "1E6"},
+		{"1.23E6", "1.23E6"},
+		{"-1E6", "-1E6"},
+		{"1E-6", "1E-6"},
+		{"1.23E-6", "1.23E-6"},
+		{"-1E-6", "-1E-6"},
+		{"-1.0E-6", "-1.0E-6"},
+		{"12345600", "1.2345600E7"},
+		{"123456E2", "1.23456E7"},
+		{"0", "0"},
+		{"0E1", "0"},
+		{"-0", "0"},
+		{"-0.000", "0"},
+	}
+
+	for _, test := range tests {
+		d, err := NewFromString(test.input)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		} else if d.ScientificNotationString() != test.expected {
+			t.Errorf("expected %s, got %s", test.expected, d.ScientificNotationString())
+		}
+	}
+}