feat(buffer): add allocator-backed storage

[gatesn]

Summary

Add allocator-backed storage to vortex-buffer.

Design: vortex-data/rfcs#65

Changes

• Use allocator_api2 for owned buffers.
• Keep external buffers zero-copy.
• Preserve runtime alignment and bytes/Arrow interop.
• Add allocator-aware constructors and tests.

API Changes

Owned buffers no longer use bytes::Bytes as storage. The bytes crate remains for interop.

[codspeed-hq]

Merging this PR will regress 18 benchmarks

⚠️ Unknown Walltime execution environment detected

Using the Walltime instrument on standard Hosted Runners will lead to inconsistent data.

For the most accurate results, we recommend using CodSpeed Macro Runners: bare-metal machines fine-tuned for performance measurement consistency.

⚠️ Different runtime environments detected

Some benchmarks with significant performance changes were compared across different runtime environments,
which may affect the accuracy of the results.

Open the report in CodSpeed to investigate

⚡ 85 improved benchmarks
❌ 18 regressed benchmarks
✅ 2029 untouched benchmarks
⏩ 164 skipped benchmarks¹
🗄️ 5 archived benchmarks run²

Warning

Please fix the performance issues or acknowledge them on CodSpeed.

Performance Changes

	Mode	Benchmark	BASE	HEAD	Efficiency
❌	WallTime	arrow_checked_add_u32_neon[16384]	12.4 µs	20.5 µs	-39.27%
❌	Simulation	decompress[u16, (4000, 256)]	37.6 µs	56.5 µs	-33.44%
❌	Simulation	execute_scalar_struct_simple	111.3 µs	167.2 µs	-33.41%
❌	Simulation	chunked_opt_bool_into_canonical[(1000, 10)]	85.8 µs	119.7 µs	-28.34%
❌	Simulation	compact_sliced[(2048, 10)]	183.5 µs	253.7 µs	-27.69%
❌	WallTime	lanezip_checked_add_u32_avx512[16384]	3.5 µs	4.5 µs	-23.13%
❌	Simulation	runend_compress_u32	397.8 µs	490.4 µs	-18.88%
❌	Simulation	compress[(10000, 4)]	497.5 µs	605.8 µs	-17.89%
❌	Simulation	non_nullable[32]	262.7 µs	313.4 µs	-16.15%
❌	Simulation	nullable[32]	264.4 µs	315.2 µs	-16.12%
❌	Simulation	nullable[256]	259.1 µs	306.8 µs	-15.54%
❌	Simulation	nullable[2]	365.6 µs	432.9 µs	-15.53%
❌	Simulation	non_nullable[256]	258 µs	305.4 µs	-15.52%
❌	Simulation	non_nullable[2]	365.1 µs	431.8 µs	-15.45%
❌	Simulation	push_n_vortex_buffer[u16, 128]	2.6 µs	3 µs	-12.82%
❌	Simulation	push_n_vortex_buffer[u32, 128]	2.8 µs	3.2 µs	-12.39%
❌	Simulation	compact_sliced[(1024, 10)]	115.3 µs	129.8 µs	-11.15%
❌	Simulation	cold_misaligned[(16, 64)]	342.3 µs	383.9 µs	-10.84%
⚡	Simulation	slice_tight_loop_vortex[65536]	120.7 µs	66.4 µs	+81.76%
⚡	Simulation	bitwise_and_vortex_buffer[128]	6.3 µs	3.7 µs	+68.39%
...	...	...	...	...	...

ℹ️ Only the first 20 benchmarks are displayed. Go to the app to view all benchmarks.

Tip

Investigate this regression by commenting @codspeedbot fix this regression on this PR, or directly use the CodSpeed MCP with your agent.

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_{Comparing ngates/buffer-allocator-core (140f2c1) with develop (97953be)}

Footnotes

1. 164 benchmarks were skipped, so the baseline results were used instead. If they were deleted from the codebase, click here and archive them to remove them from the performance reports. ↩

2. 5 benchmarks were run, but are now archived. If they were deleted in another branch, consider rebasing to remove them from the report. Instead if they were added back, click here to restore them. ↩