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Merge pull request #479 from w3c/minor-edits-index
Minor clarifications - index, introduction, origins
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ssn/chapters/CompleteExamples.html

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<p>
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A set of extended examples of instances using the SSN ontology are available in the <a href="https://github.com/w3c/sdw-sosa-ssn/blob/gh-pages/ssn/rdf/examples">examples folder</a>.
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</p>
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<!---
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<section id="tree-height">
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<h3>Tree height measurement</h3>
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<p>An RDF file containing a <a href="https://github.com/w3c/sdw-sosa-ssn/blob/gh-pages/sdw-sosa-ssn/ssn/rdf/examples/tree-height.ttl">graph
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corresponding to this example is available</a>. </p>
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<pre class="example turtle" data-include="./rdf/examples/tree-height.ttl" data-include-format="text"></pre>
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</section>
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<section id="sunspots">
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<h3>Number of sunspots</h3>
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<p>An RDF file containing a <a href="https://github.com/w3c/sdw/blob/gh-pages/sdw-sosa-ssn/ssn/rdf/examples/sunspots.ttl">graph
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corresponding to
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this example is available</a>. </p>
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<pre class="example turtle" data-include="./rdf/examples/sunspots.ttl" data-include-format="text"></pre>
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</section>
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<section id="seismograph">
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<h3>Seismograph measuring ground displacement speed</h3>
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<p>An RDF file containing a <a href="https://github.com/w3c/sdw/blob/gh-pages/sdw-sosa-ssn/ssn/rdf/examples/seismograph.ttl">graph
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corresponding to this example is available</a>. </p>
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<pre class="example turtle" data-include="./rdf/examples/seismograph.ttl" data-include-format="text"></pre>
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</section>
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<section id="iphone_barometer-sosa">
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<h3>iPhone Barometer</h3>
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<p>An RDF file containing a <a href="https://github.com/w3c/sdw/blob/gh-pages/sdw-sosa-ssn/ssn/rdf/examples/iphone_barometer-sosa.ttl">graph
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corresponding to this example is available</a>. </p>
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<pre class="example turtle" data-include="./rdf/examples/iphone_barometer-sosa.ttl" data-include-format="text"></pre>
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</section>
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<section id="coal_oil_plant-sosa">
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<h3>Temperature and Humidity at Coal Oil Point Reserve</h3>
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<p>An RDF file containing a <a href="https://github.com/w3c/sdw/blob/gh-pages/sdw-sosa-ssn/ssn/rdf/examples/IDEAS.ttl">graph
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corresponding to this example is available</a>. </p>
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<pre class="example turtle" data-include="./rdf/examples/IDEAS.ttl" data-include-format="text"></pre>
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</section>
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<section id="apartment-134">
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<h3>Electricity consumption of apartment #134</h3>
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<p>An RDF file containing a <a href="https://github.com/w3c/sdw/blob/gh-pages/sdw-sosa-ssn/ssn/rdf/examples/apartment-134.ttl">graph
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corresponding to this example is available</a>. </p>
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<pre class="example turtle" data-include="./rdf/examples/apartment-134.ttl" data-include-format="text"></pre>
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</section>
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<section id="spinning-cups">
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<h3>Wind sensor spinning cups</h3>
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<p>An RDF file containing a <a href="https://github.com/w3c/sdw/blob/gh-pages/sdw-sosa-ssn/ssn/rdf/examples/spinning-cups.ttl">graph
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corresponding to this example is available</a>. </p>
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<pre class="example turtle" data-include="./rdf/examples/spinning-cups.ttl" data-include-format="text"></pre>
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</section>
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<section id="dht22-description">
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<h3>Complex sensor capabilities &mdash; DHT22</h3>
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<div class="ssn">
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<p>An RDF file containing a <a href="https://github.com/w3c/sdw/blob/gh-pages/sdw-sosa-ssn/ssn/rdf/examples/dht22.ttl">graph
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corresponding to this example is available</a>. </p>
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<pre class="example turtle" data-include="./rdf/examples/dht22.ttl" data-include-format="text"></pre>
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</div>
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</section>
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<section id="dht22-deployment">
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<h3>DHT22 Deployment</h3>
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<div class="ssn">
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<p>This example shows how the conditions (temperature and humidity) in a room can be measured using one or
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more sensors.
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Each sensor observes the conditions in its immediate vicinity, and the values are then used to characterize
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the room. </p>
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<p>In Room 145, one of the walls is external in the building, so there is expected to be a temperature gradient
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across the room, and there are two sensors on different walls.
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In Room 245, there is one sensor on the south wall.
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Each of these locations corresponds to a `sosa:Sample` of the entire room.
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The wall also serves as a `sosa:Platform` on which the sensors are mounted. </p>
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<p>An RDF file containing a <a href="https://github.com/w3c/sdw/blob/gh-pages/sdw-sosa-ssn/ssn/rdf/examples/dht22-deployment.ttl">graph
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corresponding to this example is available</a>. </p>
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<pre class="example turtle" data-include="./rdf/examples/dht22-deployment.ttl" data-include-format="text"></pre>
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</div>
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</section>
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<section id="ip68-smart-sensor">
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<h3>IP68 Smart Sensor</h3>
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<div>
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<p>This example describes the IP68 Smart Sensor that and some of its capabilities and operating ranges.
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A specific IP68 Smart Sensor observes the air temperature, and its own battery state.</p>
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<p>An RDF file containing a <a href="https://github.com/w3c/sdw/blob/gh-pages/sdw-sosa-ssn/ssn/rdf/examples/ip68.ttl">graph
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corresponding to this example is available</a>. </p>
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<pre class="example turtle" data-include="./rdf/examples/ip68.ttl" data-include-format="text"></pre>
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</div>
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</section>
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-->

ssn/chapters/Introduction.html

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Sensors are a major source of data available on the Web today.
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However, searching, reusing, integrating, and interpreting sensor data requires more than just the result of an act of
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sensing.
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For proper interpretation of these values, knowledge of the feature of interest, such as a river, the observed
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property, such as flow velocity, the sampling strategy, such as the specific locations and times at which the velocity
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was measured, and a variety of other information are required.
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For proper interpretation of these values, knowledge of the feature of interest (such as a river), the observed
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property (such as flow velocity), the sampling strategy (such as the specific locations and times at which the
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velocity was measured), and a variety of other information are required.
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</p>
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<p>
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</p>
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<p>
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OGC's Sensor Web Enablement standards [[SWE]], [[SensorML]], [[OandM]], [[OMS]], [[STA]] provide
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OGC's Sensor Web Enablement [[SWE]] Standards — [[SensorML]], [[OandM]], [[OMS]], and [[STA]] provide
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conceptual models and some encodings for the annotation of sensors and their observations.
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[[OMS]] provides a comprehensive description of the characteristics of observations and samples.
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Observations, Measurements, and Samples ([[OMS]]) provides a comprehensive description of the characteristics of
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observations and samples.
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Integration and alignment of these with W3C Semantic Web technologies and Linked Data embeds this in a global and
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densely interconnected graph of data.
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</p>
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<h3>Scope</h3>
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<p>
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This recommendation defines the Semantic Sensor Network Ontology (<b>SSN</b>).
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This document is a W3C Recommendation and OGC Standard that defines the Semantic Sensor Network Ontology (<b>SSN</b>).
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SSN provides flexible but coherent perspectives for representing the entities, relations, and activities involved in
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actuation, observation, and sampling, including the procedures executed, and the systems that implement the
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procedures.
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<p>
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A lightweight core module, known as <b>SOSA</b> (Sensor, Observation, Sample, and Actuator) aims to broaden the
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audience and application areas that do not need the full capabilities of Semantic Web ontologies.
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SOSA acts as minimal interoperability fall-back level, i.e., it defines terms (classes and properties) with which
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data can be safely exchanged across all uses of SSN, its modules, and SOSA.
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SOSA acts as minimal interoperability fallback level, i.e., it defines terms (classes and properties) with which data
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can be safely exchanged across all uses of SSN, its modules, and SOSA.
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Basic subclass and subproperty relationships are included.
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</p>
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<p>
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The full SSN Ontology has additional axiomatizations that may be useful in richer semantic web applications.
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The full SSN Ontology has additional axioms that may be useful in richer semantic web applications.
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</p>
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<h3>2023 Edition</h3>
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<p>
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The previous edition of the SSN Ontology [[vocab-ssn-20171019]] harmonised prior work from OGC ([[OandM]]) and W3C
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The previous edition of the SSN Ontology [[vocab-ssn-20171019]] harmonized prior work from OGC ([[OandM]]) and W3C
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([[SSNX]]).
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A new edition of the OGC/ISO standard [[iso-19156-2023]],[[[OMS]]] has updated [[OandM]] with a number of additional
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features arising from more than 10 years implementation experience.
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</p>
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<p>
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A <a href="#changes">change log</a> is provided in an Annex of this document.
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This describes the changes since the 2017 edition [[vocab-ssn-20171019]].
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The Annex describes the changes since the previous edition [[vocab-ssn-20171019]].
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Backward compatibility is maintained since descriptions of Actuations, Observations, Samplings, and Samples using the
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SSN Ontology from the 2017 edition are compatible with the SSN Ontology provided by this 2023 Edition.
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SSN Ontology from the previous edition are compatible with the SSN Ontology provided by this 2023 Edition.
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</p>
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<p class="note">
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A brief account of the <a href="#Origins">Origins of SSN and SOSA</a> through various OGC and W3C initiatives is
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provided
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in an Appendix to this document.
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provided in an Appendix to this document.
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</p>
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<p>
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The RDF files of the 2017 edition remain available at their permanent version IRI, which is obtained by substituting

ssn/chapters/Origins.html

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<h4>OGC Sensor Web Enablement</h4>
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<p>
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Starting in 2002, the OGC's Sensor Web Enablement initiative [[SWE]] developed a generic framework for delivering
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Beginning in 2002, the OGC's Sensor Web Enablement initiative [[SWE]] developed a generic framework for delivering
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sensor data, dealing with remote-sensing, moving platforms, and in-situ monitoring and sensing.
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In particular, the key standards SensorML and O&amp;M provided complementary viewpoints:</p>
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<ol>
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Section 7 of [[OMS]] provides a comprehensive description of the characteristics of observations and samples.
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</p>
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<p class="note">OMS was published as ISO 19156:2023 [[iso-19156-2023]], but is freely available as OGC Abstract
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<p class="note">OMS was published as ISO 19156:2023 [[iso-19156-2023]] but is freely available as OGC Abstract
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Specification &mdash; Topic 20 [[OMS]].</p>
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<p>

ssn/config.js

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],
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localBiblio: {
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"BFO": {
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title: "Information technology — Top-level ontologies (TLO) — Part 2: Basic Formal Ontology (BFO)",
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href: "https://www.iso.org/standard/74572.html",
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rawDate: "2021-11",
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publisher: "International Organization for Standardization (ISO)",
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status: "ISO/IEC 21838-2:2021"
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title: "Information technology — Top-level ontologies (TLO) — Part 2: Basic Formal Ontology (BFO)",
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href: "https://www.iso.org/standard/74572.html",
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rawDate: "2021-11",
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publisher: "International Organization for Standardization (ISO)",
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status: "ISO/IEC 21838-2:2021"
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},
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"CCO": {
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title: "The Common Core Ontologies (CCO)",
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href: "https://github.com/CommonCoreOntology/CommonCoreOntologies",
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rawDate: "2022",
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title: "The Common Core Ontologies (CCO)",
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href: "https://github.com/CommonCoreOntology/CommonCoreOntologies",
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rawDate: "2022"
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},
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"ConnectedSystems": {
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date: "2017"
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"ModSpec": {
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href: "https://portal.ogc.org/files/?artifact_id=34762",
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authors: ["OGC Policy SWG"],
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title: "The Specification Model A Standard for Modular specifications",
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href: "https://docs.ogc.org/pol/08-131r7/08-131r7.html",
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authors: ["Carl Reed", "Charles Heazel", "John Herring"],
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title: "The ModSpec Model - Part 1: Core - A Standard for Designing and Writing Modular Standards",
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publisher: "Open Geospatial Consortium",
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id: "OGC 08-131r7",
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date: "2026"
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"OM-Lite": {
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publisher: "Open Geospatial Consortium"
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preProcess: [ loadTurtle ]
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preProcess: [loadTurtle]
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}

ssn/index.html

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<p class=copyright><a href="https://www.w3.org/policies/#copyright">Copyright</a> © 2026 <a href="http://www.opengeospatial.org/">OGC</a> &amp; <a href="https://www.w3.org/"> World Wide Web Consortium</a>, <abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr><sup>®</sup> <a href="https://www.w3.org/policies/#Legal_Disclaimer">liability</a>, <a href="https://www.w3.org/policies/#W3C_Trademarks">trademark</a>, <a href="https://www.w3.org/copyright/software-license/">W3C</a> and <a href="https://www.ogc.org/ogc/document">OGC</a> document use rules apply.</p>
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<section id="abstract">
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<p>
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The Semantic Sensor Network ontology (SSN) describes actuators and their actuations, sensors and their
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observations, samplers and their samplings, the procedures implemented, the features of interest and samples
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changed or studied, and the actuated and observed properties.
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The core SSN classes and properties are defined using minimal axiomatization in a module called SOSA (Sensor,
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Observation, Sample, and Actuator) supplemented with additional axiomatization and terms in further modules.
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The Semantic Sensor Network ontology (SSN) describes the arrangement of actuators and their actuations, sensors
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and their observations, and samplers and their samplings, along with the procedures implemented, the features
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of interest and samples, and the actuated and observed properties.
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The core classes and properties are defined using a minimal set of axioms in modules called SOSA (Sensor,
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Observation, Sample, and Actuator), supplemented with additional axiomatization and terms in further SSN
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modules.
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These allow SSN to support a wide range of applications and use cases, including satellite imagery, large-scale
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scientific monitoring, industrial and household infrastructures, social sensing, citizen science,
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observation-driven ontology engineering, and the Web of Things.
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<p style="text-align: center;">
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The namespace for the core terms is `http://www.w3.org/ns/sosa/`.</p>
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<p style="text-align: center;">
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The suggested prefix for the SOSA namespace is `sosa`. </p>
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The suggested prefix for the SOSA namespace is `sosa:`. </p>
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<p style="text-align: center;">
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The SOSA graph contains the core definitions.
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The SOSA modules contain the core definitions.
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<br>The ontology IRI of SOSA is <a href="http://www.w3.org/ns/sosa/">http://www.w3.org/ns/sosa/</a>.
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<br>The version IRI of SOSA 2023 edition is
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<a href="http://www.w3.org/ns/sosa/2023/">http://www.w3.org/ns/sosa/2023/</a>.
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The SSN graph contains the full axiomatization of the core terms.
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The SSN modules contain the full axiomatization of the core terms.
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<br>The ontology IRI of SSN is <a href="http://www.w3.org/ns/ssn/">http://www.w3.org/ns/ssn/</a>.
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<br>The version IRI of SSN 2023 edition is
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<a href="http://www.w3.org/ns/ssn/2023/">http://www.w3.org/ns/ssn/2023/</a>.
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<b>General Information</b>
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</p>
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<p>
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For <strong>OGC</strong> this is a Public Draft of a document prepared by the Spatio-temporal Data on the Web
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Working Group (<a href="https://www.w3.org/groups/wg/sdw/">SDW</a>) — a joint W3C-OGC project
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For the <strong>OGC</strong> community, this document is a Public Draft prepared by the Spatiotemporal Data on the
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Web Working Group (<a href="https://www.w3.org/groups/wg/sdw/">SDW</a>) — a joint W3C-OGC project
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(see <a href="https://www.w3.org/2024/11/sdw-wg-charter.html">charter</a>).
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The document is prepared following W3C conventions.
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The document is released at this time to solicit public comment.
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<li>add inverses for all object-properties, add tabulation of all properties</li>
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<li>Add `madeBySystem`, `madeExecution` </li>
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<li>Remove `Sample is subclass of FeatureOfInterest` axiom</li>
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<li>Add Sample sub-classes - `MaterialSample`, `SpatialSample`, `StatisticalSample`</li>
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<li>Add Sample subclasses - `MaterialSample`, `SpatialSample`, `StatisticalSample`</li>
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<li>Add `madeSamplingHasResult` and `usedForExecutionHasResult` properties</li>
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<li>Add `hasOriginalSample`, `isSampleOfUltimateFOI` (from SSN-ext)</li>
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<li>Deprecate `ActuatableProperty`, `ObservableProperty` in favour of generic `Property`</li>
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</section>
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</body>
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